You’re working on a new machine learning problem, and the first environment you use is a notebook. Your data is stored on your local machine, and you try out different model architectures and configurations, executing the cells of your notebook manually each time. This workflow is great for experimentation, but you quickly hit a wall when it comes time to elevate your experiments up to production scale. Suddenly, your concerns are more than just getting the highest accuracy score.

Sound familiar?

Developing production applications or training large models requires additional tooling to help you scale beyond just code in a notebook, and using a cloud service provider can help. But that process can feel a bit daunting.

To make things a little easier for you, we’ve created the Prototype to Production video series, which covers all the foundational concepts you’ll need in order to build, train, scale, and deploy machine learning models on Google Cloud using Vertex AI.

Let’s jump in and see what it takes to get from prototype to production!

Getting started with Notebooks for machine learning

Episode one of this series shows you how to create a managed notebook using Vertex AI Workbench. With your environment set up, you can explore data, test different hardware configurations, train models, and interact with other Google Cloud services.

Storing data for machine learning

When working on machine learning problems, it’s easy to be laser focused on model training. But the data is where it all really starts.

If you want to train models on Vertex AI, first you need to get your data into the cloud. In episode 2, you’ll learn the basics of storing unstructured data for model training and see how to access training data from Vertex AI Workbench.

Training custom models on Vertex AI

You might be wondering, why do I need a training service when I can just run model training directly in my notebook? Well, for models that take a long time to train, a notebook isn’t always the most convenient option. And if you’re building an application with ML, it’s unlikely that you’ll only need to train your model once. Over time, you’ll want to retrain your model to make sure it stays fresh and keeps producing valuable results.

Manually executing the cells of your notebook might be the right option when you’re getting started with a new ML problem. But when you want to automate experimentation at scale, or retrain models for a production application, a managed ML training option will make things much easier.

Episode 3 shows you how to package up your training code with Docker and run a custom container training job on Vertex AI. Don’t worry if you’re new to Docker! This video and the accompanying codelab will cover all the commands you’ll need.

CODELAB: Training custom models with Vertex AI

How to get predictions from an ML model

Machine learning is not just about training. What’s the point of all this work if we don’t actually use the model to do something?

Just like with training, you could execute predictions directly from a notebook by calling model.predict. But when you want to get predictions for lots of data, or get low latency predictions on the fly, you’re going to need something more than a notebook. When you’re ready to use your model to solve a real world problem with ML, you don’t want to be manually executing notebook cells to get a prediction.

In episode 4, you’ll learn how to use the Vertex AI prediction service for batch and online predictions.

CODELAB: Getting predictions from custom trained models

Tuning and scaling your ML models

By this point, you’ve seen how to go from notebook code, to a deployed model in the cloud. But in reality, an ML workflow is rarely that linear. A huge part of the machine learning process is experimentation and tuning. You’ll probably need to try out different hyperparameters, different architectures, or even different hardware configurations before you figure out what works best for your use case.

Episode 5, covers the Vertex AI features that can help you with tuning and scaling your ML models. Specifically, you’ll learn about hyperparameter tuning, distributed training, and experiment tracking.

CODELAB: Hyperparameter tuning on Vertex AI
CODELAB: Distributed Training on Vertex AI

We hope this series inspires you to create ML applications with Vertex AI! Be sure to leave a comment on the videos if you’d like to see any of the concepts in more detail, or learn how to use the Vertex AI MLOps tools.

If you’d like try all the code for yourself, check out the following codelabs:

• Training custom models with Vertex AI
• Getting predictions from custom trained models
• Hyperparameter tuning on Vertex AI
• Distributed training on Vertex AI

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the United States and like any cancer, early detection is crucial to survival. Screening at-risk populations is an important part of reducing mortality, and if concerning nodules are found on imaging, further testing may be required. Today, we’ll share how Northwell Health uses Google Cloud products such as Cloud Healthcare APIs and BigQuery to increase caregiver productivity and deliver better care for patients with findings that indicate potential development of lung cancer.

Northwell is New York’s largest healthcare provider

Northwell Health is New York’s largest healthcare provider with 23 hospitals and nearly 800 outpatient facilities. Northwell’s nearly 4,000 doctors care for millions of patients each year, and at this scale, there is an immense amount of healthcare data to manage. To better manage and leverage this data, Northwell Health partnered with Google Cloud starting in 2018.

Enabling caregivers to spend more time with patients

Nic Lorenzen, the lead developer of Northwell Emerging Technology and Innovation team, has a mission to put together data for caregivers in a way that makes sense. It is no secret that inefficient electronic health records systems have a negative impact on a physician’s ability to deliver quality care. Traditional EHRs have information distributed across many tabs, which forces caregivers to spend considerable time at the computer trying to find information. Moreover, speed of care matters. If care is delayed, patients may have to spend more time in the hospital and may suffer worse health outcomes.

To solve this problem, Nic’s team focused on giving caregivers the most relevant pieces of data at the right time by developing an intelligent clinician rounding app. The data needed to derive these insights can depend on the caregiver’s role–a nurse cares about different things than a cardiologist. This system aggregates multiple data sources, and provides patient-specific insights to caregivers.

This system would not have been possible before with traditional EHRs and data warehouses that have proprietary data models and rarely sync data in real time. Now with data easily accessible through Google Cloud’s Healthcare solutions, Nic’s team can deliver the right clinical information to the right people instantly. These days, Nic says, “instead of spending 75% of our time dealing with architecting the underlying platforms, we spend 75% of our time focused on  higher value use cases for clinicians and patients. Google Cloud’s Healthcare solutions have greatly improved our developer productivity and time to value.”

Caregivers have found this new system to be a game changer.Before the implementation of this system, caregivers would spend, on average, seven to nine minutes finding the data needed to make medical decisions for one patient. Now, that aggregated information is delivered to a caregiver’s mobile device in less than a second.

Ensuring patients get the right care with the power of AI

There are a number of reasons why patients might not get the care that they need. For example, patients today can go to multiple hospitals and clinics settings, and coordinating care across multiple facilities is complex. Regional hospitals and clinics have their own siloed view of their data, so pertinent information gathered by one clinic might not be seen by another. These gaps in clinical data lead to gaps in patient care.

When a patient gets radiologic imaging, they may have findings unrelated to the reason they initially got the imaging. For example, a chest CT for a car accident might reveal an incidental lung nodule that could be cancerous. Unfortunately, research shows that a large portion of patients do not get follow up for these incidental findings because it isn’t the primary reason why the patient is seeing a doctor. Moreover, social determinants of health are a factor that affects which patients receive follow-up care. Identifying these patients and providing the necessary follow up care prevents adverse events related to delayed detection of cancer.

With Cloud Healthcare solutions, Northwell built an AI model to identify these patients so that oncologists can appropriately follow up with patients who have findings suspicious for lung cancer. The AI model detects incidental pulmonary nodules in radiology reports so that doctors can then contact the patients that need follow-up care. Nic says his team was able to build this system in a week: “Google Cloud did a lot of heavy-lifting for us and allowed us to get to the AI applications much faster. It allowed us to build a platform that just works.” 

Healthcare systems can now rapidly generate healthcare insights with one end-to-end solution, Google Cloud Healthcare Data Engine. It builds on and extends the core capabilities of the Google Cloud Healthcare API to make healthcare data more immediately useful by enabling an interoperable, longitudinal record of patient data. Northwell Health uses Google Cloud as the core of their platform, enabling their developers to create solutions to the most pressing healthcare problems.

Special thanks to Kalyan Pamarthy, Product Management Lead on Cloud Healthcare and Natural Language APIs for contributing to this blog post.

Google Cloud introduced Document AI to automate document processing and to streamline workflows with state-of-the-art machine learning models. With the deep neural networks, the models generalize the learning from seeing hundreds of thousands variations of the documents. But when information is missing or ambiguous on a document – like a missing address or entity name – a human may need to search for it…often on Google.

With Document AI, we are bringing the power of this “Google search” to help customers understand their documents. This means that the same Google knowledge graph technology that helps you find the name, address or phone number of your favorite restaurant can now enrich your document extraction with the right name, fully qualified address, and updated phone number.

Here is a sample payslip…

Imagine a bank employee entering this to capture a customer’s income to qualify them for a loan. When extracting information from this payslip, what employer name should she key in? She might take the time to go into Google and find the right correct legal entity name; or she might just guess and move on, potentially creating data reconciliation headaches down the line.

With Document AI, there is a better way. Our native integration with the knowledge graph means that we can deliver both the specific text from the payslip as well as Google’s best understanding of the actual name of the company that operates at this address. This is an important step to translate from “what has been said” on a document to “what does it mean”.  By normalizing the value as you process millions of documents, you are improving accuracy and consistency at the beginning of the data processing workflow, making downstream integration, data analytics and business intelligence tasks at ease.

How EKG Enrichment Works

In a nutshell, Knowledge Graph is a knowledge base that uses a graph data model to integrate interlinked entities, including objects, events, processes or abstracted concepts. Google announced its Knowledge Graph in 2012 as a way to organize information from the Web and to enhance Search results. Different from Google Knowledge Graph, Cloud EKG (Enterprise Knowledge Graph) focuses on entities that are more relevant to enterprise customers, such as organization, product, people, locations, etc.

In EKG, every node is called an entity. Each entity in the graph represents an object, such as an organization. EKG aggregates all the information about a thing into a single entity, thus each entity represents a distinct and identifiable real world concept. The uniqueness of these entities in the graph is one of the reasons that make EKG useful. The edges between nodes are called relationships. When representing attributes, the relationships can be considered as properties, such as the name of a company, the price of a product, etc. When representing relationships, they connect entities in the graph, such as the CEO of a company, the seller of a product.

Entity linking, as its name suggests, is the task of assigning a unique identity to entities mentioned in text, images or videos. In the context of EKG, it connects the text mentions to entities in the graph. Under the hood, the recognition takes both the mention and its context information into consideration for linking to the best matching candidates in the graph.

Entity Enrichment, is essentially linking entities in EKG to documents, and using the attributes of linked entities to enrich the extracted information.  The entity linking on documents is based on the understanding of both documents and the entities in the graph. First the document parser annotates entity mentions, which provides semantic meanings to the content of the document. Then Entity Linking selects a list of entities from EKG based on the types of these mentions, and matches to the best entity by comparing the attributes found in the document with the the relationships of the selected entities.

How to leverage the enrichment result

Knowledge graph enrichment is a built-in feature for Lending DocAI , Procurement DocAI and Contract DocAI today, and we are actively working on expanding it to cover more document types and parsers on the platform. To use the knowledge graph enriched values, look out for the entities fields under normalizedValue, returned by the API.

  {
      entities: [
         {
          "textAnchor": {
             "content": "Google Singapore"
          },
          ….
           "normalizedValue": {
              "text": "Google Asia Pacific, Singapore"
          }
        }
      ]
    }

To learn more, check out the Document AI webpage, and EKG Enrichment page to see the list of supported parsers and fields.