Quick Watch on Six Database Trends

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In a data-driven, global, always-on world, databases are the engines that let businesses innovate and transform. As databases get more sophisticated and more organizations look for managed database services to handle infrastructure needs, there are a few key trends we’re seeing. Here’s what to watch.

Want to Code for the Cloud? Get Started with the Native App Development Track

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Earlier this year, we launched the Google Cloud skills challenge, which provides 30 days of free access to training to build your cloud knowledge and an opportunity to earn skill badges that showcase your Google Cloud competencies. Today, we’re adding a Native App Development track to the skills challenge, joining the Getting Started, Data Analytics, Kubernetes, Machine Learning (ML) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) tracks.
The Native App Development track is designed for cloud developers who want to learn to build serverless web apps and Google Assistant applications on Google Cloud using Cloud Run and Firebase. Specifically, you’ll have an opportunity to earn three skill badges in the Native App Dev track: Serverless Firebase Development, Serverless Cloud Run Development, and Build Interactive Apps with Google Assistant. To earn a skill badge, you complete a series of hands-on labs and take a final assessment challenge lab to test your skills.
Here’s an overview of each badge.
Serverless Firebase Development
To earn this skill badge, you’ll learn how to build serverless web apps, import data into a serverless database, and build Google Assistant applications using Firebase, Google’s backend-as-service platform for creating mobile and web applications.
Serverless Cloud Run Development
For this badge, you’ll discover how to use Cloud Run, a fully managed serverless platform, to connect and leverage data stored in Cloud Storage. You’ll learn how to use Cloud Run to build a resilient, asynchronous system with Pub/Sub, build a REST API gateway as well as build and expose services.
Build Interactive Apps with Google Assistant
To earn the final skills badge, you’ll build Google Assistant applications by creating a project in the Actions console, integrating Dialogflow, testing your action in the Actions simulator, and adding Cloud Translation API to your assistant application.
Ready to jump into the skills challenge? Sign up here.
You can also check out this quick video below to learn how to join the skills challenge.
Power up Caching with Memorystore for Memcached

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In-memory data stores are a fundamental infrastructure for building scalable, high-performance applications. Whether it is building a highly responsive ecommerce website, creating multiplayer games with thousands of users, or doing real-time analysis on data pipelines with millions of events, an in-memory store helps provide low latency and scale for millions of transactions. Redis is a popular in-memory data store for use cases like session stores, gaming leaderboards, stream analytics, API rate limiting, threat detection, and more. Another in-memory data store, open source Memcached, continues to be a very popular choice as a caching layer for databases and is used for its speed and simplicity.
We’re announcing Memorystore for Memcached in beta, a fully managed, highly scalable service that’s compatible with the open source Memcached protocol. We launched Memorystore for Redis in 2018 to let you use the power of open source Redis easily without the burden of management. This announcement brings even more flexibility and choice for your caching layer.
Highlights of Memorystore for Memcached
Memcached offers a simple but powerful in-memory key value store and is popular as a front-end cache for databases. Using Memcached as a front-end store not only provides an in-memory caching layer for faster query processing, but it can also help save costs by reducing the load on your back-end databases.
Using Memorystore for Memcached provides several important benefits:
- Memorystore for Memcached is fully open source protocol compatible. If you are migrating applications using self-deployed Memcached or other cloud providers, you can simply migrate your application with zero code changes.
- Memorystore for Memcached is fully managed. All the common tasks that you spend time on, like deployment, scaling, managing node configuration on the client, setting up monitoring, and patching, are all taken care of. You can focus on building your applications.
- Right-sizing a cache is a common challenge with distributed caches. The scaling feature of Memorystore for Memcached, along with detailed open source Memcached monitoring metrics, allows you to scale your instance up and down easily to optimize for your cache-hit ratio and price. With Memorystore for Memcached, you can scale your cluster up to 5 TB per instance.
- Auto-discovery protocol lets clients adapt to changes programmatically, making it easy to deal with changes to the number of nodes during scaling. This drastically reduces manageability overhead and code complexity.
- You can monitor your Memorystore for Memcached instances with built-in dashboards in the Cloud Console and rich metrics in Cloud Monitoring.
Memorystore for Memcached can be accessed from applications running on Compute Engine, Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE), App Engine Flex, App Engine Standard, and Cloud Functions.

The beta launch is available in major regions across the U.S., Asia, and Europe, and will be available globally soon.
Getting started with Memorystore for Memcached
To get started with Memorystore for Memcached, check out the quick start guide. Sign up for a $300 credit to try Memorystore and the rest of Google Cloud. You can start with the smallest instance and when you’re ready, you can easily scale up to serve performance-intensive applications. Enjoy your exploration of Google Cloud and Memorystore for Memcached.

Google Leads the Database-as-a-Service Market: Forrester Research
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Database-as-a-service (DBaaS) has become critical for all businesses to build and support modern business applications and operational systems. It is changing the way companies build and support business applications and operational systems. With DBaaS, organizations can provision a relational or non-relational database of any size in minutes, without needing any technical expertise.
For app developers, it offers a database platform to build simple to sophisticated applications quickly, allowing them to focus on application logic rather than deal with database administration challenges. DBaaS automates the provisioning, administration, backup, recovery, availability, security, and scalability of the database without the need for a database administrator (DBA).
In addition, DBaaS helps enterprises migrate from their on-premises databases to the cloud to save money, support elastic scale, and deliver higher performance for expanding workloads.
Analyst firm Forrester Research in its recent report on the Database-as-a-Service market has named Google Cloud a leader in this space as it supports a broader set of use cases, automation, high-end scalability and performance, and security.
Download this Forrester Research report to understand why enterprises are turning to DBaaS and why Google Cloud is a leader in this space.

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Google Cloud’s managed database services can help you innovate faster and reduce operational overhead. The migration tools and resources included in this whitepaper will help you plan your migration.
This whitepaper provides guidance on:
- Managing services for maximum compatibility with your workloads
- Leveraging services that are compatible with the most popular commercial and open source engines, such as MySQL, PostgreSQL, and Redis
- Using robust tools and services to make migrations simple, secure, and fast with minimal downtime
- Understanding the value of using Google Cloud’s managed database services
Explore Google Cloud SQL’s 3 Fault Tolerance Mechanism to Ease Data Pro

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If you’re managing a crucial application that has to be fully fault-tolerant, you need your system to be able to handle every fault, no matter the type and scope of failure, with minimal downtime and data loss. Protecting against these faults means juggling numerous variables that can impact performance as well as recovery time and cost.
Today’s managed database services take over the operational complexity that used to exist for database administrators. Growing your organization’s tolerance required adding machines, compute, and storage, plus the operational costs of IT management: performing backups, writing scripts, creating dashboards, and carrying out testing to make sure your platform is ready when problems arise–all in a secure way.
At Google, our Cloud SQL managed database service offers three fault tolerance mechanisms —backup, high availability, and replication—and there are three major factors to consider for each of them:
- RTO (recovery time objective): When a failure happens, how much time can be lost before significant harm occurs?
- RPO (recovery point objective): When a failure happens, how much data can be lost before significant harm occurs?
- Cost: How cost-effective is this solution?
We’ve heard from customers like Major League Baseball, HSBC, and Equifax that they have strict data-protection needs and require highly fault-tolerant multi-region applications—and they’ve all chosen Cloud SQL to meet those needs.
Let’s take a closer look at how the decision-making process plays out for each recovery solution.
High availability (HA)
If your application is business critical, you require minimum RTO and zero RPO— a high availability configuration ensures that you and your customers are protected. If the primary instance fails, there’s another standby instance ready to take over with no data loss. There’s an additional cost here, but doing this manually brings a great operational cost, since you have to detect and verify the fault, do the failover, and make sure it’s correct—you can’t have two primary instances or you risk data corruption—then finally connect the application to the new database.
Cloud SQL removes all that complexity. Choose high availability for a given instance and we’ll replicate the data across multiple zones, synchronously, to each zone’s persistent disk. If an HA instance has a failure, you don’t have to think about when to fail over because Cloud SQL detects the failure and automatically initiates failover, for a full recovery and no data loss within minutes. Cloud SQL also moves the IP address during failover so your application can easily reconnect. MLB, for example, uses Cloud SQL high availability to serve prediction data to live games with minimal downtime. Dev/test instances don’t need those same guarantees, but can use local backups to recover from any potential failure.
Cross-region replica
If a whole Google Cloud region goes down you still need your business to continue to run. That’s where cross-region replication comes in, a hot standby replica in another Google Cloud region provides RTO of minutes and RPO typically less than a minute . If you create a read replica in a region separate from your primary instance and you get hit with a regional outage, your application and database can start serving customers from another region within minutes. But this solution can be complex and enabling it yourself can be difficult and time-consuming. Securing cross-geography traffic demands end-to-end encryption and can bring connectivity issues too.
This is where the fully managed Cloud SQL solution shines. We offer MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQL Server database engines as a cross-region replication solution that’s easily configured and bolstered by Google’s interconnected global network. Just say, “I’m in U.S. East, I want to create a replica in U.S. West,” and it’s done, reliably and securely.

Backup
When you suffer data loss because of an operations error (for example, a bug in a script dropped your tables) or human error (for example, someone dropped the wrong table by accident), backups help you restore lost data to your Cloud SQL instance. Our low cost backup mechanism features point-in-time, granular recovery, meaning that if you accidentally delete data or something else goes wrong, you can ask for recovery of, for example, the state of that database down to the millisecond, such as Monday at 12:53pm. Your valuable data is replicated multiple times in multiple geographic locations automatically. This enables the automatic handling of failover in cases of major failure. You can always rest assured that your database is available and data is secure, even in the times of major failure crises.
Cloud SQL provides automated and on-demand backups. With automated backups, Google manages the backups so that you can easily restore them when required. Also, the scheduled backing is automatically taken by default. With on-demand backup, you can create a backup at any time. This could be useful if you are about to perform a risky operation on your database, as Cloud SQL lets you select a custom location for your backup data. When the backup is stored in multiple regions, and there’s an outage in the region that contains the source instance, you can restore a backup to a new or existing instance in a different region. This is also useful if your organization needs to comply with data residency regulations that require you to keep your backups within a specific geographic boundary.

Putting it all together
For critical workloads, MLB configures their Cloud SQL instances with backups, high availability, and cross-region replication. Doing so ensures they can recover from many failure types.
- To recover from human error (“Oops, I didn’t mean to delete that”), MLB uses backups and point-in-time recovery to recovery to a millisecond or specific database transaction
- To automatically recover from primary instance failures and zonal outages, MLB uses Cloud SQL’s high availability configuration
- To protect against regional outages, MLB uses cross-region replication
Creating a robust configuration, like MLB did, takes just a few minutes. Get started in our Console or review documentation.
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