With over ⅓ of the food in the USA ending up as waste according to the USDA, it is a compelling challenge to address this travesty. What will happen to hunger, food prices, trash reduction, water consumption, and overall sustainability when we stop squandering this abundance?

Beginning with the departure from the farm to the back of the store, the freshness clock continues to run. Grocers work very hard to purchase high quality produce items for their customers and the journey to the shelf can take a toll in both quality and remaining shelf life. Suppliers focus on delivering their items through the arduous supply chain journey to the store with speed and gentle handling. The baton is then passed to the store to unload and present the items to customers with care to sell through each lot significantly before the expiration or sell by date. This is to ensure that the time spent in the customer’s home is ample to ensure a great eating experience as well. Food waste is a farm to fork problem with opportunity at every step of the chain, but today we will focus on the segment that the grocery industry oversees.

With the complexities of weather, geopolitical issues, distribution, sales variability, pricing, promotions, and inventory management, it seems daunting to impact waste. Fortunately, data analytics and machine learning in the cloud is a powerful weapon in the fight against food waste. Data Scientists harness knowledge to draw meaning from data turning that data into decision driving information.

One key Google has been working on to accelerate value is to break down data silos and leverage machine learning to realize better outcomes, using our Google Data Cloud platform. This enables better planning through demand forecasting, Inventory management, assortment planning, and dynamic pricing and promotions.

That sounds great but how does it work?

Let’s walk through a day in the life journey to see how the integrated Google Data Cloud platform can change the game for good. Our friendly fictitious grocer FastFreshFood is committed to selling high quality perishable items to their local market. Their goal is to minimize food waste and maximize revenue by selling as much perishable fresh food as possible before the sell by date. Our fictitious grocer in partnership with Google Cloud could build a solution that will take a significant bite out of their food waste volume and better satisfy customers.

1. Sales through the register and online are processed in real time with Datastream, Dataflow to keep an accurate perpetual inventory by minute of every single item.
2. A Demand forecasting model using machine learning algorithms in BigQuery then identifies needs for back room replenishment, so Direct Store Delivery and daily store Distribution Centers manage ordering more efficiently to ensure just the right amount of each product each day.
3. Realtime reporting dashboards in Looker with alerting capabilities enable the system to operate with strong associate support and understanding. The reporting suite shows inventory levels into the future, daily orders, and at risk items.

The pricing algorithm could also alert store leadership concerning any items that will not sell through and suggest real time in store specials resulting in zero waste at shelf and maximized revenue.

This approach is not just for perishable categories and is a pattern that works well for in-store produced items and center store items. The key point is that by bringing ML/AI to difficult business problems grocers are reinventing what is possible for both their profitability and sustainability.

The technical implementation of this design pattern in Google Cloud leverages Datastream, Dataflow, BigQuery and Looker products, it is detailed in a technical tutorial accompanying this blog post.

In partnership with Google Cloud, retailers can solve complex problems with innovative solutions to achieve higher quality, lower cost, and provide great customer experiences. To learn more from this and other use cases, please visit our Design Patterns website.

Curious to learn more?

We’re excited to share what we know about tackling food waste at Google, a topic we’ve been working on in the last decade as we’ve embarked on reducing our own food waste in our operations in over 50 countries in the world. The Google Food for Good team works exclusively on Google Cloud Platform with our partners on this topic. Two additional articles below.

Silos are for food, not for data – tackling food waste with technology
This business Cloud blog directly addresses information silos that currently exist across many nodes in the food system and how to break down cultural and organizational barriers to sharing.

“Unsiloing” data to work toward solving food waste and food insecurity
This follow-on technical Cloud blog articulates the path to setting up data pipelines, translating between data sets (not everyone calls a tomato a tomato!) and making sense of emergent insights.

Editor’s note: The video platform Vimeo leverages managed database services from Google Cloud to serve up billions of views around the world each day. Here’s how they deliver a consistent user experience across all their content.

Vimeo is the world’s leading video software solution, powering hundreds of thousands of new uploads every day and billions of views. At our scale, it’s paramount that we retain a seamless user experience across all of the videos hosted, shared, and viewed on our platform. With managed database services from Google Cloud, we’ve been able to deliver a consistent and reliable user experience no matter where our users and their audiences are.

https://youtube.com/watch?v=ggpAUgEL2iE%3Fenablejsapi%3D1%26

Outgrowing the data center and gaining more scale

Our first exposure to Google Cloud was the excellent performance between Google Compute Engine (GCE) and Google Cloud Storage (GCS), which we used to design a really high quality playback and upload environment for our customers’ videos. At first we were simply creating cloud-based packaging and delivery of their content, but the bulk of our application ran on an on-premises MySQL database. Seeing the gains from our initial investment in GCE and GCS, we decided to fully migrate to Google Cloud. 

We started by lifting and shifting our workloads from our on-premises deployments to GCE. But we quickly realized we had to redesign our application to deliver higher availability and responsiveness for an exceptional user experience, which led us to Cloud Spanner, a distributed SQL database management and storage service. With Spanner, we found all the benefits of a relational semantics database with global scale, allowing us to add more nodes with the push of a button. 

Today we have a multi-region instance with 99.999% uptime, so we’re confident it can handle our video workloads. We use about 16 Spanner nodes to cover approximately 50.8 billion rows and about 4.5 terabytes of storage/disk space. And with the launch of Video Library, we have the scale we need to fundamentally change the way organizations handle content. 

Using Spanner as a time machine during migration

During the initial migration, we wanted to ensure an accurate data transfer with as few errors or bugs as possible. When we moved data from MySQL tables into Spanner, we ran spot analyses to check for potential problems. If the data didn’t match, Spanner allowed us to revert to the original in a single click. Through Spanner we could check stale timestamps or past users. It almost functioned like a time machine by offering point-in-time recovery functionality.

Serving up any video at any time

We work with a long tail of content. Depending on how popular a video is, we take a different approach to storing it. We cache the most popular material so it’s immediately accessible and use Cloud Spanner to ensure it’s highly available across multiple regions. On the flip side, we use Cloud SQL for some lower volume satellite services that support other components of the application that don’t require the same guarantees or performance that Cloud Spanner provides.  

As our millions of users continue to upload their own videos, Spanner also acts as a video metadata indexing and cataloging service. When we need to play back a particular video, we can quickly and easily find it in a sea of content. It’s crucial that our database is highly available and reliable so the playback experience is seamless for our users. 

To learn more about Vimeo, visit our site.

Learn more about how your organization can use Cloud Spanner.

Editor’s note: Technology today lets companies of any size take on entire industries simply with an innovative business model plus digital distribution. Take Shine, a French startup whose platform helps freelancers manage their finances — and their administrative commitments. Here, Raphael Simon, Shine’s CTO and co-founder, talks about why Shine built a new bank on Google Cloud Platform, and in particular Cloud Spanner.

More and more people are deciding to take the plunge and start a freelance career. Some of them by choice, others out of necessity. One of their biggest pain points is dealing with administrative tasks.

In some countries, especially in Europe, the administrative burden of being a freelancer is similar to what a company of 10 or more people deals with. A freelancer doesn’t necessarily have the time or skills to manage all this paperwork. So we are building a new bank for freelancers from the ground up that helps automate administrative tasks associated with their business.

Shine’s banking services and financial tools make it as easy to work as a freelancer as it is to work for a larger company. We deal with administrative tasks on behalf of the freelancer so that he or she can focus on their job: finding and wowing clients.

Building our infrastructure 

As a new bank, we had the opportunity to build our infrastructure from the ground up. Designing an infrastructure and choosing a database presents tough decisions, especially in the financial services world. Financial institutions come under tremendous scrutiny to demonstrate stability and security. Even a tiny leak of banking data can have tremendous consequences both for the bank and its clients, and any service interruption can trigger a banking license to be suspended or a transaction to be declined.

At the same time, it’s vital for us to optimize our resources so we can maximize the time we spend developing user-facing features. In our first six months, we iterated and validated a prototype app using Firebase, and secured our seed funding round (one of the largest in Europe in 2017).

Based on our positive experience with Firebase, plus the ease-of-use and attractive pricing that Google Cloud offered, we decided to build our platform on Google Cloud Platform (GCP).

We were drawn to GCP because it has a simple, consistent interface that is easy to learn. We chose App Engine flexible environment with Google Cloud Endpoints for an auto-scaling microservices API. These helped us reduce the time, effort, and cost in terms of DevOps engineers, so we could invest more in developing features, while maintaining our agility.

We use Cloud Identity and Access Management (Cloud IAM) to help control developer access to critical parts of the application such as customer bank account data. It was quite a relief to lean on a reliable partner like Google Cloud for this.

Database decisions 

Next came time to choose a database. Shine lives at the financial heart of our customers’ businesses and provides guidance on things like accounting and tax declaration. The app calculates the VAT for each invoice and forecasts the charges they must pay each quarter.

Due to the sensitivity of our customers’ data, the stakes are high. We pay careful attention to data integrity and availability and only a relational database with support for ACID transactions (Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, Durability) can meet this requirement.

At the same time, we wanted to focus on the app and user experience, not on database administration or scalability issues. We’re trying to build the best possible product for our users, and administering a database has no direct value for our customers. In other words, we wanted a managed service.

Cloud Spanner combines a globally distributed relational database service with ACID transactions, industry-standard SQL semantics, horizontal scaling, and high availability. Cloud Spanner provided additional security, high-availability, and disaster recovery features out-of-the-box that would have taken months for us to implement on our own. Oh, and no need to worry about performance — Cloud Spanner is fast. Indeed, Cloud Spanner has been a real asset to the project, from the ease-of-use of creating an instance to scaling the database.

Cloud Spanner pro tips 

We began working with Cloud Spanner and have learned a lot along the way. Here are some technical notes about our deployment and some best practices that may be useful to you down the road:

• Cloud Spanner allows us to change a schema in production without downtime. We always use a NOT NULL constraint, because we generally think that using NULL leads to more errors in application code. We always use a default value when we create an entity through our APIs and we use Cloud Dataflow to set values when we change a schema (e.g., adding a field to an entity). 
• With microservices, it’s generally a good practice to make sure every service has its own database to ensure data isolation between the different services. However, we adopted a slightly different strategy to optimize our use of Cloud Spanner. We have an instance on which there are three databases — one for production, one for staging and one for testing our continuous integration (CI) pipeline. Each service has one or more interleaved tables that are isolated from others services’ tables (we do not use foreign-keys between tables from different services). This way our microservices data are not tightly “coupled”. 
• We created an internal query service that performs read-only queries to Cloud Spanner to generate a dashboard or do complex queries for analytics. It is the only service where we allow joins between tables across services. 
• We take advantage of Cloud Spanner’s scalability, and thus don’t delete any data that could one day be useful and/or profitable. 
• We store all of our business logs on Cloud Spanner, for example connection attempts to the application. We append the ‘-Logs’ suffix to them. 
• When possible, we always create an interleave. 

 In short, implementing Cloud Spanner has been a good choice for Shine:

• It’s saved us weeks, if not months, of coding. 
• We feel we can rely on it since it’s been battle-tested by Google. 
• We can focus on building a disruptive financial services product for freelancers and SMBs.

And because Cloud Spanner is fully managed and horizontally scalable, we don’t have to worry about hardware, security patches, scaling, database sharding, or the possibility of a long and risky database migration in the future. We are confident Cloud Spanner will grow with our business, particularly as we expand regionally and globally. I strongly recommend Cloud Spanner to any company looking for a complete database solution for business-critical, sensitive, and scalable data.

Enterprises are struggling to make high quality data easily discoverable and accessible for analytics, across multiple silos, to a growing number of people and tools within their organization. They are often forced to make tradeoffs—to move and duplicate data across silos to enable diverse analytics use cases or leave their data distributed but limit the agility of decisions.  

Today we are excited to announce Dataplex, an intelligent data fabric that provides a way to centrally manage, monitor, and govern your data across data lakes, data warehouses and data marts, and make this data securely accessible to a variety of analytics and data science tools.  

Dataplex provides an integrated analytics experience, bringing together the best of Google Cloud and open source tools, so you can rapidly curate, secure, integrate, and analyze data at scale. With built-in data intelligence using Google Artificial Intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) capabilities and a flexible consumption model, you can now spend less time wrestling with infrastructure and more time focused on driving business outcomes.

Dataplex enables you to:

• Achieve freedom of choice to store data wherever you want for the right price/performance and choose the best analytics tools for the job, including Google Cloud and open source analytics technologies such as Apache Spark and Presto.
• Enforce consistent controls across your data to ensure unified security and governance
• Take advantage of the built-in data intelligence using Google’s best in class AI/ML capabilities to automate much of the manual toil around data management and get access to higher quality data.

Early customers like Equifax, Loblaw, and ANZ are excited about using Dataplex to address data management complexity.

“Dataplex will greatly simplify the existing analytics workflows within Equifax with its unified data fabric and single interface for policy management and governance across all our analytics data. Its built-in data discovery and data quality features will ensure that our data scientists and analysts always have access to high quality data that they can trust. Dataplex aligns well with our enterprise data strategy and we are excited to partner with Google Cloud on this.”
—Kumar Menon, SVP, Data Fabric & Decision Science Technology, Equifax.

“Loblaw is Canada’s food and pharmacy leader, and we are excited to be an early adopter of Dataplex. We could significantly benefit from Dataplex as it provides a single pane of glass for end-to-end data management and governance. We are particularly interested in improving platform resilience and data quality by detecting anomalies as early as possible in the data pipeline with the help of Dataplex.”
—Elton Martins, Senior Director of Data Insights & Analytics, Loblaw

“We are undergoing a major data transformation at ANZ, bringing together our various data assets and building a cohesive data ecosystem for customer benefit. Dataplex’s vision and capabilities align well with our current data strategy to build a unified data fabric for all our analytics and AI/ML use cases. We are excited to partner with GCP on Dataplex and test the product in private preview.”
—Ashish Shekhar, Head of Technology – Enterprise Analytics & Applied AI, ANZ 

Dataplex is built for distributed data. We are starting with data stored in Google Cloud Storage and BigQuery, with support for other data sources coming soon. It provides a workflow-driven experience helping you build an open data platform and make data easily accessible to your end users while ensuring your policies and best practices are consistently enforced.

Organizing and curating your data

One of the core tenets of Dataplex is letting you organize and manage your data in a way that makes sense for your business, without data movement or duplication. For that, we are providing logical constructs like lakes, data zones and assets. Those constructs enable you to abstract away the underlying storage systems and become the foundation for setting policies around data access, security, lifecycle management, and so on. 

For example, you can create a lake per department within your organization (Retail, Sales, Finance, etc.) and create data zones that map to data readiness and usage (landing, raw, curated_data_analytics, curated_data_science, etc.). 

Once you have your lakes and zones setup, you can now attach data to these zones as assets. You can add data from different types of storage (e.g. GCS Bucket and BigQuery dataset) under the same zone. You can also attach data across multiple projects under the same zone.

You can ingest data into your lakes and zones using the tools of your choice including services such as Dataflow, Data Fusion, Dataproc, Pub/Sub or choose from one of our partner products. Dataplex provides built-in 1-click templates for common data management tasks. 

Securing your data 

Dataplex enables you to define and enforce consistent policies across your data, irrespective of where it physically resides. Data owners can easily set up policies for specific data domains based on business needs, without thinking about where the data is stored while data stewards get global visibility into governance policies and permissions across their data. 

You can apply security and governance policies for your entire lake, a specific zone, or an asset. Dataplex maps the policies to the underlying storage and pushes down permissions to the storage layer to provide end-to-end secure data access. Additionally, you can secure not just data but also related artifacts like notebooks, scripts, and models using the same set of access policies.

Making high quality data available for analytics and data science

One of the biggest differentiators for Dataplex is our data intelligence capabilities using Google’s best in class AI/ML technologies.  As you bring the data under management, Dataplex will automatically harvest the metadata for both structured and unstructured data, with built-in data quality checks. All of the metadata is automatically registered in a unified metastore, and made available for search and discovery. It is also published to Bigquery, Dataproc Metastore, and Data Catalog – ensuring that you have the same consistent data context and access across your tools.

For example, when you write parquet files to a Google Cloud Storage bucket – Dataplex will automatically extract metadata of these files, detect a tabular schema, including hive-style partitions, run data quality checks, and make this data queryable in BigQuery as an external table and from any open source or partner application – with the same consistent security and access policies you defined at the logical data layer. 

Your data scientists and analysts now have secured access to this data that meets your quality bar and governance rules via the tools of their choice, without needing any additional processing.

One-click access to collaborative analytics

Dataplex provides fully managed, one-click analytics environments enabling you to use the power of Apache Spark and BigQuery with support for other engines coming in the future. 

As data administrators, you now have the flexibility to pre-configure these environments with the right cost and financial governance measures without taking on the overhead of managing and maintaining the infrastructure required to power these environments. You can easily configure different environments for different types of workloads and share it with multiple users using their IAM credentials. Dataplex manages the provisioning, monitoring, scaling, and shutdown of these environments. 

As data scientists, analysts, and engineers, you now have a turn-key experience to run your analysis using notebooks and a SQL workbench. You can search for notebooks and scripts alongside data, save and share your work with other users, and schedule your notebooks or scripts for recurring workloads – all using the same integrated experience within Dataplex.

Building an open platform with industry leaders

We are partnering with industry leaders such as Accenture, Collibra, Confluent, Informatica, HCL, Starburst, NVIDIA, Trifacta, and others to build an open platform to power analytics at scale. Our partners are excited about the capabilities that Dataplex will provide:

“Collibra is excited to partner with Dataplex to provide data governance and data quality for consistent controls across distributed data. Pairing Collibra’s multi-cloud and hybrid solution with Dataplex allows enterprises to securely open up access to more, higher quality data for users and analytics using a single unified view.”
—Jim Cushman, Chief Product Officer, Collibra

“Dataplex builds on Google Cloud’s commitment to open source by integrating with Apache Kafka®, a leading open source platform for event streaming. We at Confluent, the platform for data in motion that completes Apache Kafka® to be enterprise-ready, are excited to partner with Dataplex to enable customers to bring together distributed, real-time data and build a unified data fabric for end to end analytics.”
—Paul Mac Farland, VP, Head of Customer Solutions and Innovation, Confluent

“We are excited to partner with Google Cloud’s Dataplex team as we look to provide our joint customers an integrated and open data fabric for analytics at scale. Extending Dataplex’s data management and data quality capabilities with Starburst Enterprise will accelerate time to value for enterprises looking to connect distributed data without having to move data.”
—Justin Borgman, CEO and Co-founder, Starburst

Next Steps

Dataplex is now available in preview for a select number of customers. For more information, visit our website or watch the recording. If you would like to sign up, please click here.