VM End-to-end: Series Transcript on Conversation on VMs and their Role to Cloud-native Future
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VMs and their relevance to a cloud-native future: A conversation
Last week, we published the first episode of VM End-to-End, a series of curated conversations between a “VM skeptic” and a “VM enthusiast”. Join Brian and Carter as they explore why VMs are some of Google’s most trusted and reliable offerings, and how VMs benefit companies operating at scale in the cloud. Here’s a transcript of the first episode:
Carter Morgan (VM skeptic): My team asked me to research VMs and see how they compare to other cloud-native approaches, like microservices, containers, and serverless. And to be honest with you, I am not excited about it at all. So I’ve brought in someone who is, Brian, resident VM expert. Welcome, Brian!
Brian Dorsey (VM enthusiast): Hello. I’m super happy to be here, because I am really excited about VMs.
Carter: How? See this is why I wanted to bring you here. I don’t understand how you can be so excited about VMs, already?
Brian: How can you not? It is like the best of both worlds. You’ve got a stable, reliable system you can run anything on, and you’re in the cloud, close to all of the new features, and you get new automation tooling.
Carter: See, that’s what I’m kind of skeptical about. When I think about the features of a modern system, I’m not sure that a VM can provide me with those.
Brian: Okay. Well, let’s be kind of specific there. What do you mean by a modern system?
Carter: When I think about a modern system, I think about things like modularity. I think about scalability and reliability. I want automation. I don’t want to have to do everything manually. I even think about portability and being able to move my workloads wherever they need to go. I also don’t want to implement everything by hand. I don’t want to have to do everything myself. Is that something I can get with a VM?
Brian: Yeah. Great, because I actually think we can get most of that, and I wonder, why not? Let’s go one level deeper and then we’ll come back out. In your mind, what is a VM?
Carter: Oh, you’re putting me on the spot, Brian?!
Brian: Yep.
Carter: Okay. A VM, it’s a computer, but it’s a virtualization. It’s a slice of a computer. And so, what it lets you do is it lets you run multiple operating systems on one machine, so it looks like you have multiple machines running on one physical machine.
Brian: Yep. Absolutely. And in the cloud kind of not.
Carter: Oh, what?
Brian: Yeah. So here’s why I say not. The obstructions are all there, so you’ve got memory CPU, disk, networking. And instead of from one computer, in the cloud, that’s coming from all of the computers in a data center. So the CPU is coming from a lot of machines. The networking is from the whole data center. And so, I like to think about it as instead of a slice of a computer, it’s a slice of the data center
Carter: Instead of a slice of a computer, it’s a slice of a data center. That sounds interesting. Impressive, even. But also abstract. Do you have some examples of features that you can get from a cloud VM that you can’t get from a traditional VM on one machine?
Brian: My turn to be specific. Yeah. I think one example is like bin packing. You talk about these VMs, and their different shapes. So you have one that needs a lot of CPU and another that needs a lot of memory. Maybe you’ve got a bunch of them that need a lot of CPU and they don’t fit so well in the same box without orphaning some of the memory or CPU. And if you’re running those in a whole data center, or you can basically just leave it to Google to solve that problem, you can just have whatever shape machine you want and we’ll figure out where to put it. Basically, that lets you customize your machines to exactly what you need.
Carter: Okay. That’s very interesting, because that’s a hard problem. And so, if you can just let Google handle where your workloads are going to go, that’s a good benefit. If that’s the only benefit of cloud VMs though, I’m not sure I’m sold on them over other approaches. Is there anything else we got?
Brian: Absolutely. There’s a ton of stuff we could talk about in terms of automation and other things. But I think another really concrete example is disks, and it’s kind of my favorite there, because you think about a physical disk and you read and write blocks from it, right? It’s a block device. In the data center level, those blocks could be on hundreds or thousands of different machines, and so all of them are working together to give you more reliability and make things smoother, more predictable in terms of performance. So what you get out of it is something that looks a lot like a SAN, you can take backups of disks that are running even, or if you’ve run out of space, like I think almost all of us have, you can just make the disk bigger. So, things like that.
Carter: That’s impressive, especially like you’re saying being able to run and just scale up, scale down or resize. Okay. Then another very targeted question. It’s going to sound like a dig. I don’t mean it to you. Google’s putting a lot of effort and resources into Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE). And so, is Google even still investing in VMs?
Brian: Absolutely. Where do you think these containers run? Every Kubernetes cluster is running on top of a whole bunch of VMs. And so, everything you learned about VMs applies to those clusters that you’re running. Also, another example is our managed databases, so Cloud SQL. So if you’re running Postgres or MySQL on a Cloud SQL, that’s running on VMs. And there’s a bunch of other examples, too.
Carter: I can’t get away from VMs, even if I tried, it sounds like.
Brian: Nope.
Carter: Okay. The way you’re saying that is making me think that maybe I need to rethink my idea that VMs are just old, dusty pieces of technology. So I want to be clear, definitively, are you saying that VMs have a place in a cloud-native future?
Brian: Absolutely. I want to take old and dusty and turn that into mature and reliable. Then the future part, all these things are built on top of it and we’re building new things over time. So we’ve got tools for scaling clusters of machines up and down. That’s using Kubernetes, but you can use it directly. And we keep investing and doing more and more things there. So, absolutely, part of the future as well.
Carter: Okay. Then what about if I wanted to switch to them? I’m pretty familiar with Kubernetes. It’s fairly easy to get started. What about with VM? Is it going to take me years to get started on these?
Brian: No. It’s just a computer. Basically, anything that’s already running on a computer somewhere, even if you don’t have the team who built it nearby, you can run that on a VM and in turn you can run it on a cloud VM and get a bunch of the cloud benefits as well.
Carter: All right. I must admit that you’ve swayed me a little bit. I’m still skeptical, but what you said made a lot of sense. I still have a lot of questions. I want to know about keeping costs down. I want to know how to update VMs. I have this idea in my head that they’re really slow to start and stop. Stateful data, I’m curious about that.
Brian: Awesome. How much time do you have?
Carter: All right. You know what, let’s have this convo another day, and maybe, just maybe we can agree that VMs do matter in a cloud-native future.
YoungCapital CIO: Why I Moved to Google Cloud and G Suite to Grow Our Business
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When your business is rapidly adding new employees, expanding to new countries, and always focused on staying ahead of the competition, you have to take a hard look at the tools that are slowing you down—and swap them out for better ones that can keep pace with the company. We’re expanding YoungCapital in Germany, which means more offices, more people, and more technology to make the business run smoothly.
As we scale, Google Cloud tools like Chromebooks and G Suite help us grow our business efficiently. They free us up from sluggish, time-intensive technology that’s hard to maintain and repair, and give us the freedom to work together in faster, smarter ways.
Free from hours of device setup. Some months, there are as many as 40 new employees starting at YoungCapital—and as we continue to expand that number will continue to rise, especially now that we’ve opened three new offices in Germany. With our old Windows desktops, setting up new computers could take up to an hour per employee (which can add up to about 40 hours a month for IT). Today, using Chrome Enterprise tools, it takes about five minutes to get an Acer Spin or Pixelbook ready to hand off to a new hire—saving us more than three months per year of device setup time.
Free from VPNs. Our previous Windows machines required a complicated virtual private network (VPN) for accessing corporate files outside of the office. Using a VPN was complicated for our employees because the software wasn’t intuitive; if an employee had trouble signing into the VPN while at home or traveling, they could not log in and work as quickly as they needed to. With Chromebooks, all you need is an online connection to sign into G Suite to access files and work from anywhere.
From our perspective, Chromebooks are resistant to threats like ransomware and phishing attacks, giving us confidence that our data can stay secure. With Chrome Enterprise Upgrade, our IT admins can strengthen security even further: for example, by enabling advanced security features that help block vulnerabilities, locking down lost or stolen devices right away, and setting device security policies in the cloud so devices everywhere are safer.
Free from infrastructure. We used to have to invest in servers, and then add more time and money to keep them running. Now we don’t have to run the business on infrastructure or hire people to maintain it—we can just use Google’s cloud. NextNovate is helping us make the most of Google Cloud Platform, like integrating some of our proprietary applications with G Suite and building our own add-ons. For example, we created a button for Gmail that connects to our job candidate database; when candidates email us, we can click on the button and see their profiles and work experience.
Free from multiple passwords and logins. Chrome Browser and G Suite with single sign-provider SAML are the portal to all the productivity apps our employees need. Once people log in to G Suite, they don’t have to remember a bunch of other user names and passwords. The IT team loves it too, because we don’t have to spend hours zeroing out passwords and creating new ones.
Free to manage cross-country devices easily in the cloud. Our four-person IT support team, which keeps our systems humming, hasn’t grown, even though we’ve doubled the number of employees. When we were on Windows devices, we fielded roughly 1,800 IT support requests every month. Now we get about 1,300 requests a month, from a much bigger employee base. This translates to nearly 30% fewer requests for our lean support team, which reduces their workload significantly even though we have roughly 20% more employees—all made possible with Chrome Enterprise.
Being free of slow, high-maintenance technology doesn’t just make the IT department happy—people are actually changing how they work. They no longer send files to each other by email or struggle to keep track of versions; they store everything in Google Drive and work together in Google Docs on a single document at the same time. And instead of traveling to other offices, connecting with each other in video conferences on Hangouts Meet has become a completely natural way to do business.
With Chromebooks and G Suite, we’re ready for anything: more new markets, more employees, and more-flexible ways to work together and shake up the staffing industry.
Google Cloud Region in Columbus to Accelerate Ohioan Businesses and Tech Transformation
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Digital tools such as cloud computing are fueling economic transformation across the US, including Ohio. Google continues to invest across cities and communities in Ohio, bringing over 200 jobs to the state, and helping provide $12.85 billion of economic activity for tens of thousands of Ohio businesses, nonprofits, publishers, creators and developers. To further accelerate the transformation of all Ohioan businesses and technologists, we’re thrilled to announce our newest Google Cloud region in Columbus, Ohio is open. The Columbus cloud region brings a second region to the Midwest, the 10th region to North America, and grows our global cloud region count to 33.
A region for the Buckeye State
Now open to Google Cloud customers, the Columbus region (us-east5) provides you with the speed and availability you need to innovate faster, build high-performing applications, and serve local customers — all on the cleanest cloud in the industry. Additionally, the region gives you added flexibility to distribute your workloads across the central, midwest, and eastern US.
The Columbus region offers immediate access to three zones, for high availability workloads, and our standard set of products, including Compute Engine, Google Kubernetes Engine, Cloud Storage, Persistent Disk, CloudSQL, and Cloud Identity. Our private backbone connects Columbus to our global network more quickly and securely. In addition, you can integrate your on-premises workloads with our new region using Cloud Interconnect. This means that Columbus-based customers can expand globally from their front door, and those based outside the region can more easily reach their users in the Midwest.
What customers are saying
Industries including retail, financial services, and IT are investing in Columbus. Organizations across these verticals have turned to the Google Cloud to innovate faster and help solve their most complex challenges
“As Wendy’s continues to innovate in new ways to create fast, frictionless, and fun interactions that redefine the way customers visit and enjoy our restaurants, our partnership with Google Cloud is a key enabler to delivering on our AI/ML and data analytics strategies. The proximity of the new Google Cloud region to Wendy’s headquarters provides the ability for us to move and scale quickly as business needs evolve. Additionally, Google Cloud’s investment in Columbus positions central Ohio as a true technology hub, which further boosts Wendy’s and other regional employers’ ability to recruit innovative talent,” said Kevin Vasconi, Chief Information Officer, Wendy’s.
“Huntington National Bank’s API Architecture is a central component to our growth and technology strategy. As our business segments grow from an offering and geographic perspective, we must evolve our technology to provide the optimal experience for our customers and our partners. Collaborating directly with Google Cloud on the build out of their cloud region in Central Ohio, provides the access our technology teams need to innovatively scale our infrastructure to meet the demands of our business with increased availability, lower latency, and greater resiliency,” said Geoff Preston, Chief Architect, Huntington National Bank.
“Google Cloud has been instrumental in our ability to scale and optimize data management and compute resources. We prioritize scale, elasticity and resilience in cloud services and Google Cloud delivers all three globally and locally. With Google Cloud security, we can efficiently process the quantities of application data required to accelerate alert detection and reduce response times for the critical infrastructure our customers depend on to enable the continuity of their vital applications.” said Sheryl Haislet, Chief Information Officer at Vertiv, a global provider of critical digital infrastructure and continuity systems headquartered in Columbus, Ohio, that leverages Google Cloud solutions to provide resilience for its operations and to better support customers.
“The addition of the new cloud region in Ohio continues to demonstrate Google Cloud’s commitment to the enterprise space and their presence in the region,” said Chris Delong, Chief Technology Officer, Designer Brands Inc. / DSW
What’s next
We are thrilled to welcome you to our new cloud region in Columbus, and eagerly await to see what you build with our platform. Register here for our Cloud Study Jam in June – an event for local developers to get hands-on training with Google Cloud. Stay tuned for more region announcements and launches this year, including our next U.S. region in Dallas, TX. And for more information, contact sales to get started with Google Cloud today.
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Transform Your Business with Google’s Open, Hybrid, and Multi-Cloud Enterprise Network
Modernization and digital transformation starts with the network, which must enable agile access to the innovation promised by cloud, as well as simplified models for multi-cloud, multi-platform deployments. The network must evolve to provide agility, simplicity, and openness that is needed to power this transformation.
Google’s enterprise network is revolutionizing the enterprise networks paradigm, enabling you to use Google’s network as your own to connect your offices, branches, data center, Google, and other public clouds. It provides innovative technical and business models for open multi-cloud, application-centric networks, and integrates with a partner ecosystem, so that you can leverage your current on-premises site investments.
Ubuntu Pro Images Now Available on Google Cloud
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Today, we’re pleased to announce the general availability of Ubuntu Pro images on Google Cloud, providing customers with an improved Ubuntu experience, expanded security coverage, and integration with critical Google Cloud features. In partnership with Canonical, we’re making it even easier for customers that have fully embraced open source to ensure security and compliance for their most mission-critical and enterprise workloads.
With Ubuntu Pro on Google Cloud, you now have access to features like:
- 10-year lifetime security updates – Canonical backs Ubuntu Pro for 10 years with security updates and a guaranteed upgrade path.
- FIPS & CC-EAL2 certification – Ubuntu Pro includes components that meet requirements from entities like FedRAMP, HIPAA, ISO, and PCI.
- Open-source security coverage – Protect your most important open-source workloads including MongoDB, Apache Kafka, Redis, NGINX, and PostgreSQL.
- Multi-version availability – Pro images are available for the three most popular Ubuntu Server distributions: 16.04 LTS, 18.04 LTS, and 20.04 LTS.
- Kernel Livepatch – Kernel patches are delivered immediately without having to reboot your VMs.
- Optional CIS and DISA STIG profiles – Choose from two leading profiles to harden your environment according to industry benchmarks.
- Cloud-based pricing – Ubuntu Pro does not require a contract, and pricing tracks with the underlying compute cost depending on the instance type.
Extended Security Maintenance (ESM) for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS with Ubuntu Pro
Availability of Ubuntu Pro images is especially important if you’re an Ubuntu 16.04 LTS customer and want extended security maintenance (ESM) for your virtual machines but don’t want to upgrade to Ubuntu 18.04 LTS or Ubuntu 20.04 LTS versions immediately. ESM is included with Ubuntu Pro 16.04. You can move your workloads from Ubuntu 16.04 LTS VM instances to Ubuntu Pro 16.04 instances to continue receiving ESM and all the above-mentioned benefits, without having to test your applications on a new version of the OS.
Gojek has evolved from offering just ride-hailing to a suite of more than 20 services today, serving everyday solutions for millions of users across Southeast Asia.
“We needed more time to comprehensively test and migrate our Ubuntu 16.04 LTS workloads to Ubuntu 20.04 LTS, which would mean stretching beyond the standard maintenance timelines for Ubuntu 16.04 LTS. With Ubuntu Pro on Google Cloud, we now have the ability to postpone this, and in moving our 16.04 workloads to Ubuntu Pro, we benefit from its live kernel patching and improved security coverage for our key open source components.”—Kartik Gupta, Engineering Manager for CI/CD & FinOps at Gojek
“With the launch of Ubuntu Pro on Google Cloud, we build on our joint investments with Google to optimize Ubuntu performance on Google Cloud, and add comprehensive security patching and Long Term Support for another 30,000 open source packages—the widest range of security-maintained open source on the planet,” said Mark Shuttleworth, CEO of Canonical. “As the world moves to open source for everything, Canonical offers the safety net of security maintenance that enterprises count on to unleash their developers.”
Getting started
Getting started with Ubuntu Pro on Google Cloud is simple. You can now purchase these premium images directly from Google Cloud by selecting Ubuntu Pro as the operating system straight from the Google Cloud Console.
To learn more about Ubuntu Pro on Google Cloud, please visit the documentation page and read the announcement from Canonical.
Vodafone Leverages Google Cloud to Aid COVID-19 Frontline with Anonymized Insights on Population Mobility
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Editor’s note: When Europe’s largest mobile communications company, Vodafone, was asked by the European Commission to help understand population movement across the European Union and the UK to help fight COVID-19, it was able to provide anonymized mobile network-based insights to answer the call. Here’s how Vodafone, with the support of Google Cloud, rapidly mobilized the COVID-19 frontline, while respecting its customers’ privacy.
With the emergence of COVID-19 in early 2020, the European Commission—the executive branch of the European Union (EU)—knew that technology would be instrumental in its fight to control the pandemic. With various lockdowns imposed across its member states, the Commission was keen to predict and prevent the spread of COVID-19 and to manage the related social, political and financial impacts.
Mobile network data helps track COVID-19 across the EU
Mobile networks produce location data, which can be turned into useful anonymous insights to understand population movement within a geographic area. The European Commission, working with mobile industry association GSMA (Groupe Speciale Mobile Association), asked Europe’s major mobile phone operators for help in producing insights to support the fight against COVID-19. As the largest mobile network operator within the EU, Vodafone saw this as a critical opportunity to participate.
Vodafone had previous experience of using mobile network data to support pandemic research. For example, in 2019, Vodafone provided mobility pattern analysis to help track the spread of Malaria in Mozambique. And, during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic (prior to working with the European Commission), Vodafone assisted the Italian and Spanish governments in understanding their citizens’ mobility patterns. Vodafone had also previously offered anonymized and aggregated population mobility insights to support public transport and tourism authorities and retail organizations in a number of countries. Consequently, Vodafone was perfectly placed to play a greater role in supporting the European Commission’s response to the pandemic.
When asked to assist the European Commission, Vodafone first considered how it could safely share its data with the governing body without providing details on the individual movements of its customers. It realized it could achieve this through an elaborate set of anonymization and aggregation techniques. Insights are aggregated from a minimum of 50 users and Vodafone only shared these anonymous insights and never the actual raw data with the Commission. As specified by the EU, these insights are then presented onto a large geographical region, typically a city or a county with thousands of people living in that area.
These insights illustrate how people move, helping to determine how lockdowns and self-isolation measures were impacting behaviors.
Using Google Cloud to collate and store population mobility data
In April 2020, Vodafone began migrating its operations, including its mobile data, to Google Cloud on servers in Europe and the UK with elaborate security safeguards, including encryption, building on a previous partnership.
With the data residing in EU and UK data centers and not the United States, Vodafone could then retrieve anonymous insights from Google Cloud Storage instantaneously. Before supplying any information to the European Commission, however, Vodafone used Dataflow to validate the data and run a series of tests to ensure the database had accurate data, before ingesting and archiving the relevant metrics. For instant access, the data was then made available to the European Commission using a Redis database on Google Kubernetes Engine.
To ensure aggregate Vodafone customer data was always safe, secure, and anonymous, all entry points to the front-end were protected behind Google Cloud Armor, where only specific IP addresses were allowed. Using these tools, seamless data pipelines fed in predefined key performance indicators from each specified European market. While data quality measures ensured the definitions for metrics across markets were consistent and could be accurately compared.
The architecture (pictured below) shows how Vodafone integrated and anonymized its data on Google Cloud.
Live interactive dashboard shows population mobility in real-time
With its data integrated on Google Cloud, Vodafone created a live, interactive dashboard to track mobility patterns and share relevant information with the European Commission in real-time.
The European Commission Joint Research Center (JRC) was able to gather valuable information from these insights, which enabled them to see where population mobility was aiding the spread of the disease, when cross-referenced with health data. It could also assess the implications of lockdowns on different populations and forecast cross-country spreading.
Mobile data aids disease modeling for multiple stakeholders
The Vodafone data became instrumental in modeling the likely course of the disease too. For example, the University of Southampton in the UK used it to predict the outcome of different coordinated COVID-19 exit strategies across Europe. This research was published in Science Magazine in September 2020.
The Vodafone data dashboard continues to be used by individual governments, NGOs and organizations to further investigate the impacts of the pandemic and to measure the effectiveness of response strategies alongside the rollout of vaccination programs. The project also helped Vodafone win a DataIQ award for most effective stakeholder engagement.
Using the learnings from this project, Vodafone has been able to adapt its own B2B solution, called Vodafone Analytics, by adaptIng and migrating the code to work in Google Cloud Platform. This solution has been rolled out across Germany, Greece, Portugal and South Africa, and new countries are being onboarded every day. Vodafone Analytics already has more than 100 customers leveraging it for a variety of use cases—Italian fashion retailer OVS, uses it for its smart retail operation, while global real estate company, JLL, uses it to understand the footfall passing through its properties.
Working together, Vodafone and Google Cloud continue to help a range of organizations, governments, and NGOs navigate through the ongoing pandemic, optimize their operations, and help the greater good, without infringing individuals’ fundamental rights to privacy.
To learn more about Google Cloud and Vodafone, watch our full interview here.
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