Cloud developers — you’ve got it all. You can code in your choice of languages, enjoy portability with containers, minimize complexity with serverless, and manage the entire software lifecycle by following DevOps principles. But let’s face it, building and onboarding new cloud applications still requires a lot of manual planning, synthesis, and, yes, hard work. You need to research and plan your deployment, create a workable, secure architecture, and of course, you need to write the actual code,

For the last several decades, the cloud has been primarily a “do it yourself” model with volumes of options that have made development more complicated. The cloud went from overwhelmingly exciting to…. a bit overwhelming.

What if we all could bring that excitement back? What if you had some help that was available whenever and wherever you needed it? 

Say hello to Duet AI for Google Cloud

Powered by Google’s state-of-the-art generative-AI foundation models, Duet AI for Google Cloud is an always-on AI collaborator that provides help to users of all skill levels where they need it. With Duet AI, we’re on a mission to deliver a new cloud experience that’s personalized and intent-driven, and can deeply understand your environment to assist you in building secure, scalable applications, while providing expert guidance. 

As we evolve Google Cloud with Duet AI, we are looking to build a cloud platform that is more human-centric, holistic, and helpful, with responsible AI at the center of the experience:

• Human-centric: With Duet AI, we are making Google Cloud more accessible and personal to any type of user at any skill level by providing them with support whenever they need it, from code recommendations for developers, to prompt-based data insights for data engineers, to chat-based app creation for business users.
• Holistic: With generative AI at the center of the cloud experience, cloud development can be more cohesive, with fewer silos across functions, services, and tech stacks, providing a holistic picture in the format you want, wherever you are in Google Cloud.
• Helpful: To deliver smarter, contextual recommendations for building and operating apps with Google Cloud, we pre-trained Codey, one of the foundation models that powers Duet AI, with Google Cloud-specific content like documentation and sample code, and fine-tuned it based on Google Cloud  user behaviors and patterns. 
• Responsible: Our AI Principles set out our commitment to developing technology responsibly. Your code and recommendations will not be reused for any model learning and development. This helps ensure the privacy of your data and code, and also the integrity of the knowledge space from which our AI models are trained.

New capabilities available in Duet AI for Google Cloud

Here are some of the new capabilities available to get us started on our mission to deliver a new personalized and intent-driven cloud experience:

• Code assistance provides AI-driven code assistance for cloud users such as application developers and data engineers. It gives code recommendations as they type in real time, generates full functions and code blocks, and identifies vulnerabilities and errors in the code, while suggesting fixes.

Code assistance auto-generates code for creating a Google Cloud Storage bucket

Code assistance will be available through multiple products and services across Google Cloud, such as in Cloud Workstations, our fully-managed secure development environment, and other code-editing experiences in the Google Cloud Console. Developers will also find code assistance in Cloud Shell Editor or via our Cloud Code IDE extensions for VSCode and JetBrains IDEs. It supports multiple languages including Go, Java, Javascript, Python, and SQL.

• Chat assistance allows people to use simple natural language to get answers on specific development or cloud-related questions. Users can engage with chat assistance to get real-time guidance on various topics, such as how to use certain cloud services or functions, or get detailed implementation plans for their cloud projects. It can also provide architectural or coding best practices, helping to reduce the need to go searching for relevant documents.

Use chat assistance to get the detailed steps for deploying an app on Cloud Run

Chat assistance will also be available across multiple Google Cloud surface areas, for example IDEs, the Cloud Console, and through products and services. Whether you’re a developer, operator, data engineer, or security professional, you’ll be able to leverage chat assistance to help get more work done faster. 

Looking to optimize these features further for developers specialized in one particular area? With Generative AI support in Vertex AI, enterprises can fine-tune Codey using their own code base. They can consume these customized Codey models directly from Vertex AI today, and later this year, they will be able to connect it to the built-in Duet AI experience. And don’t worry, if you choose to train Codey with your code, your private data is kept private, and not used in the broader foundation model training corpus. You will have transparency and control over where data is stored and how or if it is used. 

• Duet AI for AppSheet will let users create intelligent business applications,  connect their data, and build workflows into Google Workspace via natural language.  With no coding required, users will be able to build apps by describing their needs in a chat guided by AI-powered prompts. This makes app creation accessible to more users, which can allow developer teams to focus their time on other high-impact work.

Create business applications with Duet AI for AppSheet using natural language

Experiment with Duet AI for Google Cloud today

We believe that having an assistant who is constantly evolving by your side will not only reduce an already overwhelmed developer’s workload, but also bring back the excitement of cloud development. With Duet AI, you can navigate the cloud with more confidence, ease, and — dare we say it — fun. 

And this is just the beginning. The future of the cloud experience that we are shaping with Duet AI is full of possibilities. We believe the future of developer productivity is more targeted personalized assistance. Check here to see our vision for Duet AI for Google Cloud – the redefinition of productivity in the workplace through unique end-to-end AI assisted technologies. 

These early features of Duet AI for Google Cloud are available today for limited users and we will be expanding access very soon. Sign up here to join Google Cloud’s AI Trusted Tester Program.

We recently launched Vertex AI to help you move machine learning (ML) from experimentation into production faster and manage your models with confidence—speeding up your ability to improve outcomes at your organization.

But we know many of you are just getting started with ML and there’s a lot to learn! In tandem with building the Vertex AI platform, our teams are dropping as much best practices content as we can to help you come up to speed. Plus, we have a dedicated event on June 10th, Applied ML Summit, with sessions on how to apply ML technology in your projects, as well as grow your skills in this field. 

In the meantime, we couldn’t resist a quick lesson on hyperparameter tuning, because (a) it’s incredibly cool (b) you will impress your coworkers (c) Google Cloud has some unique battle tested tech in this area and (d) you will save time by getting better ML models into production faster. Vertex Vizier, on average, finds optimal parameters for complex functions in over 80% fewer trials than traditional methods. 

So it’s incredibly cool, but what is it?

While machine learning models automatically learn from data, they still require user-defined knobs which guide the learning process. These knobs, commonly known as hyperparameters, control, for example, the tradeoff between training accuracy and generalizability.  Examples of hyperparameters are the optimizer being used, its learning rate, regularization parameters, the number of hidden layers in a DNN, and their sizes.

Setting hyperparameters to their optimal values for a given dataset can make a huge difference in model quality. Typically, optimal hyperparameter values are found via grid searching a small number of combinations, or tedious manual experimentation. Hyperparameter tuning automates this work for you by searching for the best configuration of hyperparameters for optimal model performance. 

Vertex Vizier enables automated hyperparameter tuning in several ways:

1. “Traditional” hyperparameter tuning: by this we mean finding the optimal value of hyperparameters by measuring a single objective metric which is the output of an ML model.  For example, Vizier selects the number of hidden layers and their sizes, an optimizer and its learning rate, with the goal of maximizing model accuracy.
2. When hyperparameters are evaluated, models are trained and evaluated on splits of the data set. If evaluation metrics are streamed to Vizier (e.g. as a function of epoch) as the model is trained, Vizier’s early stopping algorithms can predict the final objective value, and recommend which unpromising trials should be early stopped. This conserves compute resources and speeds up convergence.
3. Oftentimes, models are tuned sequentially on different data sets. Vizier’s built in transfer learning learns priors from previous hyperparameter tuning studies, and leverages them to converge faster on subsequent hyperparameter tuning studies.
4. AutoML is a variant of #1, where Vertex Vizier performs both model selection, and also tunes architectures/non-architecture modifying hyperparameters. AutoML usually requires more code on top of Vertex Vizier (to ingest data etc), but Vizier is in most cases the “engine” behind the process. AutoML is implemented by defining a tree like (DAG) search space, rather than a “flat” search space (like in #1). Note that you can use DAG search spaces for any other purpose where searching over a hierarchical space makes sense.
5. There are times when you may wish to optimize more than one metric. For example, we would like to optimize model accuracy, while minimizing model latency. Vizier can find the Pareto frontier, which presents tradeoffs for multiple metrics, allowing users to choose the appropriate tradeoff. Simple example: I want to make a more accurate model, but would like to minimize serving latency. I do not know ahead of time what’s the tradeoff between the two metrics. Vizier can be used to explore and plot a tradeoff curve, so users can select on the most appropriate one. For example, “a latency decrease of 200ms will only decrease accuracy by 0.5%”

Google Vizier is all yours with Vertex AI

Google published the Vizier research paper in 2017, sharing our work and use cases for black-box optimization—i.e. The process of finding the best settings for a bunch of parameters or knobs when you can’t peer inside a system to see how well the knobs are working. The paper discusses our requirements, infrastructure design, underlying algorithms, and advanced features such as transfer learning that the service provides. Vizier has been essential to our progress with machine learning at Google, which is why we are so excited to make it available to you on Vertex AI.

Vizier has already tuned millions of ML models at Google, and its algorithms are continuously improved for faster convergence and handling of real-life edge cases. Vertex Vizier’s models are very well calibrated and are self-tuning (they adapt to user data), and offer unique power features, such as hierarchical search spaces and multi-objective optimization. We believe Vertex Vizier’s set of features is a unique capability to Google Cloud, and look forward to optimizing the quality of your models by automatically tuning hyperparameters for you.

To learn more about Vertex Vizier, check out these docs and if you are interested in what’s coming in machine learning over the next five years, tune in to our Applied ML Summit on June 10th, or watch the sessions on demand in your own time.

We’re excited to share the news that leading global research and advisory firm Forrester Research has named Google AppSheet a Leader in the recently released report The Forrester Wave™: Low-code Platforms for Business Developers, Q4 2021. It’s our treasured community of business developers—those closest to the challenges that line-of-business apps can solve—who deserve credit for not only the millions of apps created with AppSheet, but also the collaborative approach to no-code development that has helped further our mission of empowering everyone to build custom solutions to reclaim their time and talent. 

AppSheet received the highest marks possible in the product vision and planned enhancements criteria, with Forrester noting in the report that “AppSheet’s vision for AI-infused-and-supported citizen development is unique and particularly well suited to Google. The tech giant’s deep pockets and ecosystem give AppSheet an advantage in its path to market, market visibility, and product roadmap.”

“Features for process automation and AI are leading,” remarking that, “The platform provides a clean, intuitive modeling environment suitable for both long-running processes and triggered automations, as well as a useful range of pragmatic AI services such as document ingestion.”

Many enterprise customers including Carrefour Property – Carmila, Globe Telecom, American Electric Power, and Singapore Press Holdings (SPH) choose AppSheet as their business developer partner, along with thousands of other organizations in every industry. We are honored to serve these customers and to be a Leader in the Forrester Wave™: Low-code Platforms for Business Developers. We look forward to continuing to innovate and to helping customers on their digital transformation journey. To download the full report, visit here and enter your email address. To learn more about AppSheet, visit our website.

Editor’s note: Today’s guest post comes from Indian social media platform ShareChat. Here’s the story of how they improved performance, app development, and analytics for serving regional content to millions of users using Google Cloud. 

How do you create a social network when your country has 22 major official languages and countless active regional dialects? At ShareChat, we serve more than 160 million monthly active users who share and view videos, images, GIFs, songs, and more in 15 different Indian languages. We also launched a short video platform in 2020, Moj, which already supports over 80 million monthly active users. 

Connecting with people in the language they understand

As mobile data and smartphones have become more affordable in India, we noticed a large new segment of people, many in rural areas, being welcomed onto the internet. However, many of them didn’t speak English, and when it comes to accessing content and information—language plays a significant role. Instead of joining other social media sites where English reigned supreme, new internet users chose to join language or dialect-specific Whatsapp groups where they felt more comfortable instead.

So, we set out to build a platform where people can share their opinions, document their lives, and make new friends, all in their native language. ShareChat simplifies content and people discovery by using a personalized content newsfeed to deliver language-specific content to the right audience.

Given the high-intensity data and high volume of content and traffic, we rely heavily on IT infrastructure. On top of that, a large number of our users rely on 2G networks to post, like, view, or follow each other. Our platform needs to deliver great experiences to people who are spread out across the country and different networks without any reduction in performance.

The right cloud partner to support future growth

ShareChat was born in the cloud—we already knew how to scale systems to serve a large customer base with our existing cloud provider. But like many companies, we struggled with over-provisioning compute and storage to accommodate unpredictable traffic and avoid running out of storage. With demand rising for local language content and an increase in online interactions in response to the COVID-19 crisis, we realized that we would need a more efficient way to scale dynamically and allocate resources as needed.

Google Cloud was a natural choice for us. We wanted to partner with a technology-first company that would make it easy (and cost-effective) to manage a strong technology portfolio that would allow us to build whatever we wanted. Google is at the forefront of technology innovation and provided everything we needed to build, run, and manage our applications (including creating an efficient DevOps pipeline to fix and release new features quickly). 

We had a few issues in mind at the start of discussions with the Google Cloud team, but over time, as we got information and support from them, we realized that these were the partners we wanted in our corner when it came time to tackle our most challenging problems. In the end, we decided to take our entire infrastructure to Google Cloud.

To support millions of users, we deploy and scale using Google Kubernetes Engine. While we analyze our data using a combination of managed data cloud services, such as Pub/Sub for data pipelines, BigQuery for analytics, Cloud Spanner for real-time app serving workloads, and Cloud Bigtable for less-indexed databases. We also rely on Cloud CDN to help us distribute high-quality and reliable content delivery at low latency to our users. 

We now use just half the total core consumption of our legacy environment to run ShareChat’s existing workloads.

Google Cloud delivers better outcomes at every level 

By moving to Google Cloud, we saw major benefits in several key areas: 

Zero-downtime migration for users

At the time of migration, we had over 70 terabytes of data, consisting of 220 tables—some of which were up to 14 terabytes with nearly 50 billion rows. Due to our data’s interdependencies, moving services over one at a time wasn’t an option for us. 

Even though we were migrating such large volumes of data, we didn’t want to impact any of our customers. Latency spikes for out-of-sync data might affect message delivery. For instance, if a message or notification was delayed, we didn’t want to risk a bad user experience causing someone to abandon ShareChat. 

To prepare for the move, we ran a proof-of-concept cluster for over four months to test database performance in a real-world scenario for handling more than a million queries per second. Using an open-source API gateway, we replicated our legacy data environment into Google Cloud for performance testing and capacity analysis. As soon as we were confident Google Cloud could handle the same traffic as our previous cloud environment, we were ready to execute.

Using wrappers, we were able to migrate without having to change anything in our existing application code. The entire migration of 60 million users to Google Cloud took five hours—without any data loss or downtime. Today, ShareChat has grown to 160 million users, and Google Cloud continues to give us the support we need.

Scaling globally to meet unexpected demand

We rely on real-time data to drive everything on ShareChat by tracking everything that goes on in our app—from messages and new groups to content people like or who they follow. Our users create more than a million posts per day, so it’s critical that our systems can process massive amounts of data efficiently. 

We chose to migrate to Spanner for its global consistency and secondary index. Unlike our legacy NoSQL database, we could scale without having to rethink existing tables or schema definitions and keep our data systems in sync across multiple locations. It’s also cost-effective for us—moving over 120 tables with 17 indexes into Cloud Spanner reduced our costs by 30%.

Spanner also replicates data seamlessly in multiple locations in real time, enabling us to retrieve documents if one region fails. For instance, when our traffic unexpectedly grew by 500% over just a few days, we were able to scale horizontally with zero lines of code change. We were also launching our Moj video app simultaneously, and we were able to move it to another region without a single issue. 

Simplifying development and deployment

On average, we experience about 80,000 requests per second (RPS) –nearly 7 billion RPS per day. That means daily push notifications sent out to the entire user base about daily trending topics can often result in a spike of 130,000 RPS in just a few seconds. 

Instead of over-provisioning, Google Kubernetes Engine (GKE) enables us to pre-scale for traffic spikes around scheduled events, such as holidays like Diwali, when millions of Indians send each other greetings. 

Migrating to GKE has also enabled us to adopt more agile ways of work, such as automating deployment and saving time with writing scripts. Even though we were already using container-based solutions, they lacked transparency and coverage across the entire deployment funnel. 

Kubernetes features, such as sidecar proxy, allows us to attach peripheral tasks like logging into the application without requiring us to make code changes. Kubernetes upgrades are managed by default, so we don’t have to worry about maintenance and stay focused on more valuable work. Clusters and nodes automatically upgrade to run the latest version, minimizing security risks and ensuring we always have access to the latest features.

Low latency and real-time ML predictions

Even though many of our users may be accessing ShareChat outside of metropolitan areas, it doesn’t mean they’re more patient if the app loads slowly or their messages are delayed. We strive to deliver a high-performance experience, regardless of where our users are. 

We use Cloud CDN to cache data in five Google Cloud Point of Presence (PoP) locations at the edge in India, allowing us to bring content as close as possible to people and speeding up load time. Since moving to Cloud CDN, our cache hit ratio has improved from 90% to 98.5%—meaning our cache can handle 98.5% of content requests. 

As we expand globally, we’d like to use machine learning to reach new people with content in different languages. We want to build new algorithms to process real-time datasets in regional languages and accurately predict what people want to see. Google Cloud gives us an infrastructure optimized to handle compute-intensive workloads that will be useful to us both now—and in the future.  

The confidence to build the best platform

Our current system now performs better than before we migrated, but we are continuously building new features on top of it. Google’s data cloud has provided us with an elegant ecosystem of services that allows us to build whatever we want, more easily and faster than ever before. 

Perhaps the biggest advantage of partnering with Google Cloud has been the connection we have with the engineers at Google. If we’re working to solve a specific problem statement and find a specific solution in a library or a piece of code, we have the ability to immediately connect with the team responsible for it. 

As a result, we have experienced a massive boost in our confidence. We know that we can build a really good system because we not only have a good process in place to solve problems—we have the right support behind us.

For over two decades, Google has helped lead the invention of modern cloud systems—defining, designing and deploying warehouse-scale computing as the foundation for reliable, performant, and secure global-scale information services delivered to billions of users around the world. This leadership involves significant innovation across a broad range of systems technologies, including distributed systems, storage systems, databases, analytics, operating systems, wide area and data center networking, cluster computing, ML, video acceleration and more.

Today, we are announcing a significant step in continuing Google’s tradition of innovation and charting its path into the future: the formation of SystemsResearch@Google (SRG). SRG will be a new research team, positioned in the heart of Google’s Cloud and Infrastructure engineering organization, with the mission of shaping the future of hyperscaler systems design for Google and its ecosystem. It is focused on inventing, incubating, and infusing new concepts, designs, and technologies into Google’s applications, systems, and data centers. The team’s position will allow seamless engagement with engineering and product teams, enabling joint exploration in concert with transformative workloads. Beyond Google, the SRG team will look to forge strong relationships with external research communities working on the most pressing systems-research problems.

Critical research at a pivotal time

We are at a time of enormous transition and opportunity, as nearly all large-scale computing is moving to cloud infrastructure, classical technology trends are hitting limits, new programming paradigms and usage patterns are taking hold, and most levels of systems design are being restructured. We are seeing wholesale change with the introduction of new applications around ML training and real-time inference to massive-scale data analytics and processing workloads fed by globally connected edge and cellular devices. This is all happening while the performance and efficiency gains we’ve relied on for decades are slowing dramatically from generation to generation. And while reliability is more important than ever as we deploy societally-critical infrastructure, we are challenged by increasing hardware entropy as underlying components approach angstrom scale manufacturing processes and trillions of transistors.

In the last twenty years, much of the world’s population has gained real-time access to the world’s information and to one another in ways that were previously the stuff of science fiction. The next decade will see computing and associated capabilities undergo an even more profound transformation, bringing real-time insights, sensing, and actuation to trillions of network-connected devices spanning all of the world’s population. Doing so will require fundamental advances in security, reliability, programming models, data analysis, systems for machine learning, networking, storage systems, hardware architecture, and software systems.

SystemsResearch@Google will be co-led by David Culler and Hank Levy, who bring a combination of academic and industrial experience, plus a long history of successful and impactful research in computer systems. Culler is the former Chair of EECS at UC Berkeley, where he worked to create the Division of Data Sciences and became its founding Dean. His research has focused on parallel architectures, clusters, embedded wireless networks, planetary-scale internet services, and sustainability design. He was the founding faculty director of Intel Research Berkeley, co-founded two startups, and worked with Sun Microsystems for a decade. Levy is the former Chair of Computer Science & Engineering at University of Washington, where he worked to create the Paul G. Allen School and became its founding Director. His research has focused on operating systems, distributed systems, computer architecture, and hardware multithreading. Before UW, Levy spent a decade at Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC), where he worked on operating systems and early-generation clustered computer systems; he has also co-founded two startups. Culler and Levy are both Members of the National Academy of Engineering and Fellows of the IEEE and the ACM.

SRG will be located across sites in Google’s Bay Area and Seattle facilities. We are currently building the SRG team, bringing together leading networked systems thinkers from around the world and inside Google. If you are interested in learning more please reach out to us at systemsresearch@google.com.