Climate scientists face a deluge of environmental data to analyze and interpret from real-time sensors and satellites across the globe. The stakes are as high as our planet’s long-term future, but rapidly changing conditions are already impacting communities through extreme events like floods and wildfires as well as management of everyday resources. In this context, detailed environmental maps are key sources for urgent global issues like food security, water quality, and vegetation levels.

Scientists, researchers, and developers rely on state-of-the-art cloud computing tools like Google Earth Engine (EE) to detect changes, map trends, and quantify differences on the Earth’s surface. EE leverages the compute power of Google Cloud to combine a multi-petabyte catalog of satellite imagery and geospatial datasets with planetary-scale analysis capabilities.

To find out more about how climate scientists address these complex research challenges, I spoke to Dr. Richard Fernandes, Research Scientist at Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). Dr. Fernandes is also a 2022-23 member of the Google Research Innovators Program, which provides technical and professional support to a global cohort of leading researchers. I asked him to describe how cloud computing and machine learning (ML) tools can support climate resilience research and drive awareness about climate sustainability.

Dr. Fernandes, can you give me an overview of your research in climate sciences?

My research focuses on mapping the status and trends of vegetation over Canada. Every month we generate maps of vegetation parameters, such as canopy cover at 20m resolution, to support environmental monitoring and assessment. These maps contribute to global datasets that are used to reduce uncertainty in weather and climate forecasts.

Canada has approximately 10 million square kilometers of land and the annual data volume of these maps is equivalent to streaming HD movies for over 750 hours non-stop. And that’s only the tip of the iceberg: the volume of input data we need to generate those maps is typically 100 times more. Unlike movie streaming services, we have to independently process each input pixel to locate it accurately, screen for clouds (and even the shadows of clouds), and then transform it into a vegetation parameter value like canopy cover using ML algorithms.

The volume of high-resolution data and the amount of compute we need are challenging and ever-increasing. Rather than dedicating servers 24/7 for constant monitoring, we rely on cloud computing and ML. Cloud computing allows us to manage all this data in a useful and accessible way. We have also been able to successfully use the Google Artificial Intelligence (AI) Platform to calibrate new ML models for third-party datasets.

How did you start working with Google Cloud?

I started using EE together with open source APIs for integration with Google Drive about four years ago. With the pandemic my research group has transitioned to using EE, Google Cloud, and Google Drive for both our Canada-wide mapping as well as for R&D activities. In January we developed and released the LEAF toolbox, which builds on EE satellite data to create customizable maps of foliage density in near real-time. We do all of the pixel processing in EE and leverage the ability to integrate our own functions using their APIs. We combine EE with Google Cloud to handle and manage output datasets. Fortunately, EE has most of the input data already at hand so we don’t need to deal with that 100x larger volume.

What impact do you expect LEAF will have now–and down the road?

Both the Canadian federal government and provinces already use our data products as inputs to permafrost, crop status, and water resource models. Agriculture Canada had been using a conventional Geographic Information System (GIS) and approached us to ask how we manage our data. They want to use LEAF to assess how crops are progressing, which impacts local economies and the global food supply. We’re in a pilot with them to apply EE to their crop condition assessments.

Also exciting is that the Province of Alberta is integrating the LEAF toolbox within a system for monitoring the reclamation status of oil and gas wells and mines. They want to know how to rehabilitate sites that were developed for mineral and gas deposits. This is another great use case but many others are possible. The technology itself is cool, but that’s not even the point. ML algorithms are constantly evolving and improving. New ML algorithms use active learning that detects mistakes and makes updates on the fly. The technology will be different in five years — or five months! — so our priority is making these tools accessible and useful now.

Why is state-of-the-art technology for climate research so important?

Scientific research must be validated, transparent, and rigorous to drive the best solutions to our complex and changing ecosystem. Climate action needs greater public awareness, which requires more knowledge, which demands the best data. By democratizing information and decision-making, we can create an ecosystem of openness and public-private partnerships. We can lower the barrier to entry for advanced research and help scientists validate and reproduce their results. Also, scientists don’t want to have to become software engineers for these custom highly specific solutions. They want user-friendly tools that let them focus on their analyses and share their insights with the world. That’s one of the major appeals of the Google Research Innovators Program for me: I want to share LEAF with colleagues and collaborate with other researchers who are using new tools in new ways.

Do you have any parting words about your mission?

We’re so fortunate to have Canadian taxpayers and the Government of Canada funding our work. We have worked with many scientists over the past two decades to develop and validate the algorithms we use, especially Fred Baret and Marie Weiss at INRA France, who have championed the idea of free and open access to algorithms and knowledge, and data.

I really believe in democratic access to information. I like the fact that the terms of service of Google products allows us to offer not only maps but the actual processing system in a free and open manner to everyone. I also like that EE provides a simple-to-use user interface that works on mobile devices. We designed LEAF not just for experts, but for individuals. My mom was able to make maps of a nearby park in real time on her tablet. It is my hope that expanding access to critical environmental information will increase our collective awareness of how our actions impact both near and far places — and make us active in the cause of a sustainable future.

That’s an inspiring note to end on. Thank you for your time!

Thanks for having me!

Click here to learn more about Google’s commitment to renewable energy. Or try the LEAF toolbox for yourself!

With access to more data than ever before, companies have never been better positioned to adopt precision marketing methods and target the right customers at the right time. Emarsys, a digital marketing platform, enables its clients to collect, analyze, and act on a wide variety of data. From websites to mobile apps to emails, Emarsys’ customers can handle data from all its digital channels on a single, easy-to-use platform. Emarsys also makes sure that customers receive the highest quality data possible, making for smarter decisions and better business practices.

“We were close to the limits of our internal data warehouse, scalability-wise. We didn’t want to get to the point where we’d have to delete data or cancel projects. In Google Cloud we saw a platform that could scale with our ambitions and be optimized for AI and real-time solutions.”

—Levente Otti, Head of Data, Emarsys

Since launching as an email solutions provider in 2000, Emarsys has grown into the world’s largest independent digital marketing platform, with more than 2,500 clients worldwide and reaching more than 1.4 billion people. By 2016, the company felt that its existing data warehouse platform was close to its limits, affecting not just day-to-day operations but also important strategic goals.

“We were close to the limits of our internal data warehouse, scalability-wise. We didn’t want to get to the point where we’d have to delete data or cancel projects,” says Levente Otti, Head of Data at Emarsys. “In Google Cloud, we saw a platform that could scale with our ambitions and be optimized for AI and real-time solutions.”

Minimal maintenance, unlimited scale with Google Cloud

Digital marketing is a highly competitive environment. Emarsys works alongside big players with a huge market share on the one hand and smaller, specialist companies on the other. It has thrived by successfully combining the all-inclusive offerings of the former with the agility of the latter, constantly looking for ways to innovate and improve. In recent years, the company had started to feel that the ability to handle large quantities of data was no longer enough. The next challenge was speed. “We truly believe that in the future, everything will be done in real time, including data processing, analytics, and AI predictive models,” Levente says.

At the start of 2016, Emarsys’ existing data warehouse was a software-as-a-service solution running on-premises, which required hardware and software maintenance in order to keep up with the company’s growing appetite for data-heavy use cases such as prediction and analytics. The existing platform had proven its worth processing large amounts of data in batches, but its real-time capabilities were limited. Moreover, Emarsys had begun to experiment with AI technology, but found that its data warehouse couldn’t scale to accommodate some of the more resource-intensive processes, such as training the predictive models. The company decided that it needed a new, cloud-based data platform.

After evaluating some of the leading cloud providers, Emarsys chose Google Cloud for its mature AI capabilities and its ease of use. “With the other solutions, we still had to rent virtual machines and hardware and be responsible for maintenance. At the time, Google Cloud was the only provider that could take that management overhead away from us, while keeping customers accounted for on every query level,” Levente says.

To implement its new data platform, Emarsys teamed up with Google Cloud Partner Aliz. Over a series of meetings, workshops, and architecture reviews, Aliz helped Emarsys navigate the Google Cloud ecosystem to find the right products for the solution it was looking for. “Aliz really helped us set off in the right direction,” explains Levente.

With Google BigQuery, we can run queries which process terabytes of data, in seconds. We can also develop our own user-defined functions, incorporating Bayesian statistics into our predictive algorithms. That means we can take into account historical data, resulting in much more accurate predictions in a scalable way within seconds.”

—Levente Otti, Head of Data, Emarsys

Emarsys’ new data platform would actually be two: one platform for batch processing data and one for real-time analysis and interactions. Firstly, a proprietary publishing component gathered all the data points from Emarsys’ various channels including the website, mobile, emails, and custom events. With Cloud Pub/Sub and Cloud Dataflow, Emarsys transported and processed the data into BigQuery, which allows for further work and reviews that take into account errors or delayed events. After this, the data was exported to the main batch processing platform, which ran on BigQuery. For the real-time analytics, Emarsys used Cloud Bigtable to access data and Cloud Dataflow to pipeline it into the real-time platform, which could communicate with AI components or interaction components via an API to deliver real-time interactions with customers.

On top of the overall data infrastructure, Emarsys built a new AI platform with Google Cloud components. Training the predictive models had been an issue in the past due to the large number of resources required, so Emarsys chose to use Google Kubernetes Engine clusters, which can scale up and down on demand, without the need for hardware configuration or management. The trained models were held securely in Cloud Storage. From here, they were integrated with BigQuery for power and flexibility, allowing Emarsys to improve not just the speed of its AI predictions but also the quality.

“With Google BigQuery, we can run queries which process terabytes of data, in seconds,” shares Levente. “We can also develop our own user-defined functions incorporating Bayesian statistics into our predictive algorithms. That means we can take into account historical data, resulting in much more accurate predictions in a scalable way within seconds.”

Real-time insight, long-term satisfaction

Google Cloud enabled Emarsys to build a scalable data and AI platform that delivers powerful, actionable insights in real time. According to Levente, the company wanted to spend less time managing overload and more time considering how it should handle data. An immediate result of the new platform has been that data is now available in a scalable way, without hardware additions and management.

“With Google Cloud, we’ve been able to build a truly real-time data platform. The norm used to be daily batch processing of data. Now, if an event happens, marketing actions can be executed within seconds, and customers can react immediately. That makes us very competitive in our market.”

—Levente Otti, Head of Data, Emarsys

The clear and innovative pricing schemes of Google Cloud have also brought a new level of accountability to Emarsys’ costs in a way that wasn’t possible with its on-premises infrastructure. “Now that we only pay for what we use, we can assign costs to specific customers or queries, which has a huge impact on our pricing and product development strategies,” says Levente.

Thanks to the power of BigQuery and the scale at which it can handle data, Emarsys can now apply its analytics and AI tools to their full potential. “It’s very important to enable our clients to create the best possible experience for customers,” says Levente. At the same time, the company has cut its AI platform costs by 70% with Kubernetes while increasing scalability compared to the previous solution. The whole data platform was built to be scalable, and its first big test came during the retail peak of Black Friday, when it comfortably handled 250,000 events per second. “Perhaps the biggest impact on the business came with the real-time nature of the new platform,” says Levente.

“With Google Cloud, we’ve been able to build a truly real-time data platform,” he explains. “The norm used to be daily batch processing of data. Now, if an event happens, marketing actions can be executed within seconds, and customers can react immediately. That makes us very competitive in our market.”

Since implementing the new platform, Emarsys has continued to innovate with it and is about to release a new Real-Time Decision Framework, which will provide customers with even more real-time products and tools. The company continues to work with Aliz and Google Cloud, exploring other products such as Google BigQuery ML and TensorFlow to improve its AI processes. “We had a problem that we wanted to tackle now, and for us, Google Cloud was the best way of doing that,” says Levente. “But it was also about looking ahead. We felt that Google Cloud offered us the best way of future-proofing our platform.”

Job seekers can often feel lost or disconnected—like the right opportunity is out there, but they don’t know where or how to look. Employers face a similar challenge when trying to attract the right candidates. Many companies, especially large enterprises, face a talent shortage across a range of critical roles.

For global companies like Johnson & Johnson (J&J), their online career website is an important recruiting tool. It’s the “front door” for talent that could make a vital difference in the company’s future and drive innovation for years to come.

However, career sites are often underutilized. If a job seeker doesn’t find a good job match with a quick search, they will likely move on. Too often, that represents a lost opportunity for both the company and the job seeker that could have been avoided with better search results.

“Partnering with Jibe and using Cloud Talent Solution for our career site allows us to do a much better job matching opportunity to talent on a very large scale.”

—Sjoerd Gehring, Global VP of Talent Acquisition, Johnson & Johnson

While J&J receives approximately 1 million applications for 25,000 positions each year, the percent of applicants that were highly qualified for open positions was low.

Although the company always has a variety of open jobs on its career site, it noticed that even when strong matches existed between online job seekers and available positions, search results often didn’t highlight or even display the right opportunities. The user interface wasn’t intuitive enough, and job seekers couldn’t easily find their ideal positions.

As J&J began to reevaluate recruiting to take a more relationship-centric and digitally-driven approach, the company began working with Jibe, a career-site solutions provider.

Jibe introduced J&J to Cloud Talent Solution, which uses machine learning to better match job listings with job seekers’ interests and qualifications. Using Cloud Talent Solution, companies can build a compelling career-site search experience that helps candidates easily find the jobs most relevant to them. With smarter job searches and recommendations, J&J improved the effectiveness of its career site in just a few weeks.

“Jibe and Google make it easy for a large company to make a real difference in the candidate experience without investing a lot of time, money, or internal resources,” says Sjoerd Gehring, Global VP of Talent Acquisition at Johnson & Johnson. “Now that we’re using Cloud Talent Solution, our career site search results are exponentially better.”

Transforming job searches with better matches

Cloud Talent Solution better connects job seekers with jobs, because it understands the nuances of job titles, descriptions, industry jargon, and skills, matching job seeker preferences with relevant listings based on sophisticated classifications and relational models. It helps decipher job seeker queries and employer job postings, removing the manual effort of optimizing job content for search.

By using the Jibe platform to integrate Cloud Talent Solution with its career site, job seekers are more easily finding what they’re looking for and J&J is filling business critical roles more efficiently.

Since integrating Cloud Talent Solution, J&J has seen a 41% increase in high-quality job applicants per search and a nearly 45% increase in click-through rate on its career site.

“Partnering with Jibe and using Cloud Talent Solution for our career site allows us to do a much better job matching opportunity to talent on a very large scale,” adds Sjoerd. “We’re able to take a more personal approach and really connect with job seekers, which is a win.”

“Today’s job seekers expect a prospective employer’s career site to work like the other cloud services they use. Using Google’s machine learning and artificial intelligence, we can help customers like J&J get better search results and return jobs that candidates are more likely to apply to.”

—Joe Essenfeld, Founder & CEO, Jibe

Connecting people with opportunities

J&J is now offering job seekers experiences in line with what they have come to expect as consumers—searching for a job should be as easy as searching for flights, restaurants, products, and other services. Because candidates are familiar with the experience, their level of interaction and engagement goes up, creating a larger pipeline of qualified candidates and filling jobs faster.

“Today’s job seekers expect a prospective employer’s career site to work like the other cloud services they use,” says Joe Essenfeld, Founder & CEO at Jibe. “Using Google’s machine learning and artificial intelligence, we can help customers like J&J get better search results and return jobs that candidates are more likely to apply to.”

A new digital revolution for recruiting

J&J continues to work with Jibe and Google to offer new features which make its career site even more effective. By offering job seekers a transformative, engaging experience, J&J is a more attractive and visible employer, increasing the value of its brand. It’s also continuously improving its recruiting process with end-to-end visibility and feedback from interactions with a million people every year.

“Transforming our career site with Jibe and Cloud Talent Solution directly impacts our ability to attract high-quality talent and hire those candidates faster,” adds Sjoerd. “Lots of people are looking for their dream job, and if it’s here at J&J, we want them to find it quickly and easily.”

Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, there’s been a rapid acceleration of digital transformation across the entire healthcare industry. Telehealth has become a more mainstream and safe way for patients and caregivers to connect. Machine learning modeling has helped speed up innovation and drug discovery. And new levels of integration and data portability have helped enable greater vaccine availability and equitable access to those who need it.

Data has been at the crux of this digital transformation — helping people stay healthy, accelerating life sciences research and delivering more personalized and equitable care. We recently unveiled partial results from our research with The Harris Poll, which revealed that nearly all physicians (95%) believe increased data interoperability will ultimately help improve patient outcomes. Today, we’re unveiling the second part of that research. 

In February 2020, we commissioned The Harris Poll to survey 300 physicians in the U.S. about their biggest pain points — this was just before the COVID-19 pandemic strained the entire healthcare system and made us all hyper-aware of the risks we take in going to the hospital. In June 2021, we followed-up with those same questions and more. What it unveiled was just how much COVID-19 reshaped technology’s role in the healthcare field and how it’s changing day-to-day operations for physicians. 

Here are some of the highlights: 

Healthcare organizations accelerated technological upgrades over the course of the pandemic. After a year shaped primarily by the COVID-19 pandemic, use of telehealth saw substantial YOY growth, jumping nearly threefold from 32% in February 2020 to 90% this year. Forty-five percent of physicians say the COVID-19 pandemic accelerated the pace of their organization’s adoption of technology. In fact, more than 3 in 5 physicians (62%) say the pandemic has forced their healthcare organization to make technology upgrades that normally would have taken years. For example, 48% of physicians would like to have access to telehealth capabilities in the next five years. Before the COVID-19 pandemic, about half of physicians (53%) say their healthcare organization’s approach to the adoption of technology would best be described as “neutral” (i.e., willing to try new technologies only if they have been in the market for awhile or others have tried and recommended them). 

Despite the technological leaps this year, most physicians still believe the industry lags behind in technology adoption but recognize the opportunity for technological support and advancement. The majority of physicians don’t view the healthcare industry as a leader when it comes to digital adoption. More than half of physicians describe the healthcare industry as lagging behind the gaming (64%), telecommunications (56%), and financial services industries (53%). However, the healthcare industry is not seen to be trailing as much as it was last year behind retail (54% in 2020; 44% in 2021); hospitality and travel (53% in 2020; 43% in 2021); and the public sector (39% in 2020; 26% in 2021). 

Better interoperability alleviates physician burnout, improves health outcomes and speeds up diagnoses. The majority of physicians say increased data interoperability will cut the time to diagnosis for patients significantly (86%) and will ultimately help improve patient outcomes (95%.) In addition to better patient experiences and outcomes, more than half of physicians (54%) believe increased access to data via technology has had a positive impact on their healthcare organization overall. A majority believe that technology can alleviate the likelihood of physician “burn-out” (57%) and that efficient tools help decrease friction and stress (84%). And, as a result, 6 in 10 physicians say access to better technology and clinical data systems would allow them to have better work/life balance (60%) and that better access to/more complete patient data would reduce administrative burdens (61%). It is therefore not surprising that nearly 9 in 10 physicians (89%) say they are increasingly looking for ways to bring together all patient data into a single place for a more complete view of health. 

Familiarity with new Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS) interoperability rules grows, and many physicians are in favor. Most physicians (74%) say they have at least heard of the new DHHS rules (launched in 2019) to improve the interoperability of electronic health information. This is a clear rise from 2020 (64%), but deeper knowledge is fairly low. Only 30% of physicians say they are somewhat or very familiar with the new rules (though, again, this is a rise from 2020, when only 18% said they were very/somewhat familiar). Similar to in 2020, among those who have heard of the new rules, nearly half are in favor (48% in 2021; 45% in 2020) but a similar proportion remain unsure (46% in 2021; 50% in 2020). And like in 2020, by far the top potential benefit of the rules is thought to be forcing EHRs to be more interoperable with other systems (70%).

Google was founded on the idea that bringing more information to more people improves lives on a vast scale. In healthcare, that means creating tools and solutions that make data available in real time to help streamline operations and improve quality of care and patient outcomes. For example, our recently announced Healthcare Data Engine makes it easier for healthcare and life sciences leaders to make smart real-time decisions through clinical, operational, & groundbreaking scientific insights. To find out more about the Healthcare Data Engine, click here.

^{Survey methodology: The 2021 survey was conducted online within the United States by The Harris Poll on behalf of Google Cloud from June 9 – 29, 2021 among 303 physicians who specialize in Family Practice, General Practice, or Internal Medicine, who treat patients, and are duly licensed in the state they practice. The 2020 survey was conducted from February 18 – 25, 2020 among 300 physicians who specialize in Family Practice, General Practice, or Internal Medicine, who treat patients, and are duly licensed in the state they practice. Physicians practicing in Vermont were excluded from the research. This online survey is not based on a probability sample and therefore no estimate of theoretical sampling error can be calculated. For complete survey methodology, including weighting variables and subgroup sample sizes, please contact press@google.com.}