S4 Agtech Transforms Agriculture with Google Cloud

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Like countless other industries, farming is going digital and undergoing big changes—driven by access to more actionable information. The agriculture business can now gather and analyze georeferenced data from satellites, combined with data from IoT sensors in fields, crop rotation and yield histories, weather patterns, seed genotypes and soil composition to help increase the quantity and quality of crops.
This is essential for businesses in the agriculture industry, but it’s also critical to address growing food shortages around the world.
At S4, we create technology to de-risk crop production. We provide customers seeking agricultural risk management solutions with the tools to make better, data-driven decisions for their crop planning, based on machine learning and proprietary algorithms.
We interpret plant evolution on a global scale with predictive modeling and analytics, and offer super-efficient risk-transferring solutions. Our multi-cloud platform includes a petabyte-scale database, an open source stack, and—after 50 proof-of-concept evaluations—BigQuery for our data warehouse and the Cloud SQL database service to handle OLTP queries to our PostgreSQL database.
These PoCs included, among others, Microsoft Azure Data Lake Analytics, IBM Netezza, Postgres/PostGIS running on IBM bare-metal servers with SATA SSDs and on Google’s Compute Engine with NVMe disks, and on-premises memSQL, CitusData and Yandex ClickHouse.
Weeding out risk in an uncertain market
According to recent research, climate extreme events like drought, heat waves, and heavy precipitation are responsible for 18-43% of global variation in crop yields for maize, spring wheat, rice, and soybeans. This is a clear trend for other crops as well. Such variation poses risks of food shortages as well as large financial risks to farmers, insurers, and regions dependent on successful crop yields. Also, it creates vast humanitarian difficulties.
Our mission at S4 is to help de-risk crop production by matching the right data with analytics tools so farmers and other participants in the agricultural value chain can plan better, resulting in more reliable food supplies.
In a nutshell, we create indices out of biological assets. These indices measure yield losses on crops that are caused by the effects of weather and other factors, which are then used as underlying assets for products, such as swap/derivative contracts and parametric insurance policies, to transfer risk to the financial markets.
We enable insurers and lenders to buy and sell agricultural risks through the futures market. Also, our other products help farmers and seed and fertilizer companies provide customized genotype recommendations and fertilization requirements. This helps to optimize planting by geography, resources, and crop species, monitor phenological, pests and humidity evolution throughout the crop season, and estimate yields.
Local communities benefit from S4’s technology, as the ability to manage weather risks allows farmers to stabilize their cash flows, invest more to produce more with fewer risks, and develop in a more sustainable manner.
Growing data sources, reducing costs, accelerating performance
With the volume of diverse data sources and analytical complexity both growing at a very fast pace, we decided that using a major cloud services provider with a broad roadmap and global partnerships would be beneficial to S4’s future evolution.
At the same time, we wanted to bring our services to users faster and cut costs by consolidating our on-premises technology stack. When we started evaluating providers, our leading criteria included a powerful geospatial database and data analytics tools along with excellent support, all at a competitive price. GCP prevailed in nearly all criteria categories among the 50 companies we measured.
Our previous platform architecture included a hybrid relational database that used Compute Engine for virtual machines and Cloud Storage for database backup. The RDBMS was slow. Maintaining our own data warehouse was complex and expensive.
We wanted to use machine learning and neural networks, but couldn’t do so easily and affordably. The complexity of that system meant that products or services requiring small changes or additions to the data model translated to expensive expansions of infrastructure or project time.
Also, agronomical or product teams couldn’t test these changes by themselves, always requiring the intervention on no small part of the IT team, which led to further delays.
We added GCP services like BigQuery as S4’s cloud data warehouse and use BigQuery GIS for geospatial analysis, Cloud Dataflow for simplified stream and batch data processing, and Cloud SQL for queries to the S4 database platform, which have all made a huge impact on our services and bottom line.
Database and analytics costs have decreased by 40% and customers are receiving our analytical results 25% faster. In addition, we’ve eliminated the time-consuming downloading of images, reducing storage and processing costs by 80%, because we no longer need expensive tools licenses, and have greatly reduced classification processing times.
Our customers working in the agriculture industry are also benefiting from this infrastructure change. They are now able to speed up their data analytics using our GCP-based platform.
“S4 products and technologies unlock the full potential of satellite imagery for crop prescriptions, monitoring and yield estimates,” says Nicolás Loria, Manager of Marketing Services, Southern Cone, Corteva Agriscience.
“We’ve worked with S4 for the last three (and starting year number four) crop seasons as its team capabilities, data integration capacities, and analytics insights have allowed Corteva to perform an entire new solution. Thanks to S4’s customized 360° approach, fast response and delivery times, we have safely outsourced our remote crop analytic technical needs.”
Also, this new architecture has allowed us to scale our models and databases with almost no limits, at a fraction of the cost vs. the previous models.
We’ve saved a lot of time on executing processes and reduced work needed by our internal teams to do certain tasks, like preparing images, converting them, validating results, and more. Using Google Earth Engine has decreased the execution time of daily tasks anywhere from 50% to 90% of the previous time, going from an average time of 30 minutes to between four and 15 minutes, depending on the task.
In addition to saving money and time, we are able to focus on innovation with the GCP performance and features we’re using. We’re able to seamlessly add satellite data to analytics using both public datasets and our own private data, and deliver GIS data management, analytics, crop classification and monitoring in real time.
We can do semi-automatic crop classification and classification using spectral signatures with Google Earth Engine. Later this year, we’ll be using neural networks for pattern recognition and machine learning in new applications to improve crop yields and fine-tune risk models. And using GCP and Google Earth Engine infrastructure means we can run models for customers in South America and around the world, since Google Earth Engine has global satellite imagery available.
We’ve heard from our customer Indigo Argentina that they’re able to bring customers data insights faster.
“We are working with S4 in the development of two different applications for satellite crop monitoring and yield assessment,” says Carlos Becco, CEO, Indigo Argentina. “S4’s technology allowed us to manage and analyze multiple sources and layers of information in real time, letting us uncover valuable insights in Indigo’s own microbiome technologies, and at a very competitive cost.”
Analytical products and app development thrive with GCP
With GCP, we are updating and improving algorithms that we built manually with machine learning processes to develop drought indices for upcoming crop seasons. Algorithms can recognize specific phases of crop phenology (e.g., bud burst, flowering, fruiting, leaf fall) and correlate them with photosynthetic activity, light, water, temperature, radiation, and plant genetics factors. Other analytical products like crop monitoring, pre-planting recommendations, financial scoring, and yield estimation can now do a lot more for users by offering multiple layers and datasets, faster image processing, and real-time access via APIs.
We also replaced our bare-metal S4 app deployment with the App Engine serverless application platform. It provides tighter integration between the S4 platform and our BigQuery data warehouse for integration with marketplaces and third-party solutions.
We get all of these Google Cloud features with all the benefits of managed cloud services, from multiversioning and security to automatic backups and high availability.
At S4, we trust technology to decode plant growth and help protect farmers and their communities from climate change. With growing food shortages due to increasing populations and intensifying weather, data and analytics can have a huge impact in lowering financial risks and improving agricultural yields. It’s one sector where cloud, database, analytics, and other technologies are combining to improve business outcomes and affect the lives of billions of people. Learn more about S4’s work and learn more about data analytics on Google Cloud.

ESG Did the Math: It’s Cheaper and Smarter to Migrate Enterprise Data Warehouses to Google BigQuery. Way Smarter
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Enterprise data warehouses (EDWs) are often deemed the most valuable asset in the data center, serving as the backbone of the business. The ongoing insight gained from these solutions has justified the significant up-front capital investments and ongoing operational costs, but the rigidity of the traditional EDW is forcing organizations to reevaluate their approach to analytics and business intelligence.
While legacy EDW solutions were all about throwing as much computational power as possible at a relatively static data set, with the inflow of new and valuable sources of data and the emergence of all-encompassing analytics initiatives, the success of today’s EDW solutions depends more on operational and resource agility than raw horsepower.
Being able to dynamically adjust to the needs of the business, integrate into operational processes, and quickly react to emerging opportunities can place an organization at a distinct competitive advantage.
Today’s EDW solutions must act as a global repository of information, provide the agility to scale up or down on demand, and seamlessly integrate with other analytics tools and services used throughout a data-driven organization.
Over the last two years, ESG has conducted detailed studies quantifying the economic value of Google data analytics services. The first evaluated Google BigQuery compared to on-premises Hadoop and AWS redshift. The second focused on Google DataProc compared to DIY Spark and Hadoop approaches. Here’s the next iteration of our economic analysis, extending the BigQuery study to incorporate a comparison to legacy enterprise data warehouses, both on-premises and in the cloud.
Through publicly available pricing and in-depth qualitative customer interviews, ESG was able to assert a base set of assumptions that power a dynamic model, incorporating up-front capital investments, deployment and migration costs, expected monthly cloud costs, administrative costs, and operational costs associated with legacy on-premises EDWs, cloud-based EDWs, and Google BigQuery.
The crux of the results show organizations can save up to 52% by using BigQuery over on-premises EDWs and up to 41% over cloud-based EDWs. Unlike legacy on-premises EDWs, BigQuery provides organizations with the key abilities that are essential to delivering a modern EDW solution, most notably the ability to integrate across other Google Cloud Platform services, including its market leading AI-based solutions and services.
Although not called t out directly in the published report, ESG’s models indicate that the savings achieved by migrating an on-premises EDW solution to Google BigQuery may actually be more cost effective than simply continuing to operate an existing on-premises EDW solution.
Google’s Intelligent Products Essentials Assist Manufacturers in Product Development Journey

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Expectations for both consumer and commercial products have changed. Consumers want products that evolve with their needs, adapt to their preferences, and stay up-to-date over time. Manufacturers, in turn, need to create products that provide engaging customer experiences not only to better compete in the marketplace, but also to provide new monetization opportunities.
However, embedding intelligence into new and existing products is challenging. Updating hardware is costly, and existing connected products do not have the capability to add new features. Furthermore, manufacturers do not have sufficient customer insights due to product telemetry and customer data silos, and may lack the AI expertise to quickly develop and deploy these features.
That’s why today we’re launching Intelligent Products Essentials, a solution that allows manufacturers to rapidly deliver products that adapt to their owners, update features over-the-air using AI at the edge, and provide customer insights using analytics in the cloud. The solution is designed to assist manufacturers in their product development journeys—whether developing a new product or enhancing existing ones.
With Intelligent Products Essentials, manufacturers can:
- Personalize customer experiences: Provide a compelling ownership experience that evolves over the lifetime of the product. For example, a chatbot that contextualizes responses based on product status and customer profile.
- Manage and update products over-the-air: Deploy updates to products in the field, gather performance insights and evolve capabilities over time with monetization opportunities.
- Predict parts and service issues: Detect operating thresholds, anomalies and predict failures to proactively recommend service using AI, reducing warranty claims, decreasing parts shortages and increasing customer satisfaction.
In order to help manufacturers quickly deploy these use cases and many more, Intelligent Products Essentials provides the following:
- Edge connections: Connect and ingest raw or time-series product telemetry from various device platforms utilizing IoT Core or Pub/Sub and enable deployment and management of firmware over-the-air and machine learning models with Vertex AI at the edge.
- Ownership App Template: Easily build connected product companion apps that work on smartphones, tablets, and computers. Use a pre-built API and accompanying sample app that can incorporate product or device registration, identity management, and provide application behavior analytics using Firebase.
- Product fleet management: Manage, update and analyze fleets of connected products via APIs, Google Kubernetes Engine, and Looker.
- AI services: Create new features or capabilities for your products using AI and machine learning products such as DialogFlow, Vision AI, AutoML, all from Vertex AI.
Enterprise data integration: Integrate data sources such as Enterprise Asset Management (EAM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems and others using Dataflow and BigQuery.

Intelligent Products Essentials helps manufacturers build new features across consumer, industrial, enterprise, and transportation products. Manufacturers can implement the solution in-house, or work with one of our certified solution integration partners like Quantifi and Softserve.
“The focus on intelligent products that Google Cloud is deploying provides a digital option for manufacturers and users. At its heart, systems like Intelligent Product Essentials are all about decision making. IDC sees faster and more effective decision-making as the fundamental reason for the drive to digitize products and processes. It’s how you can make faster and more effective decisions to meet heightened customer expectations, generate faster cash flow, and better revenue realization,” said Kevin Prouty, Group Vice President at IDC. “Digital offerings like Google’s Intelligent Product Essentials potentially go the last mile with the ability to connect the digital thread all the way through to the final user.”
Customers adopting Intelligent Products Essentials
GE Appliances, a Haier company, are enhancing their appliances using new AI-powered intelligent features to enable:
- Intelligent cooking: Help cook the perfect meal to personal preferences, regardless of your expertise and abilities in the kitchen.
- Frictionless service: Build smart appliances that know when they need maintenance and make it simple to take action or schedule services.
- Integrated digital lifestyle: Make appliances useful at every step of the way by integrating them with digital lifestyle services – for example, automating appliance behaviors according to customer calendars, such as oven preheating or scheduling the dishwasher to run in the late evening.
“Intelligent Products Essentials enhances our smart appliances ecosystem, offering richer consumer habit insights. This enables us to develop and offer new features and experiences to integrate with their digital lifestyle.“ —Shawn Stover, Vice-president Smart Home Solutions at GE Appliances.https://www.youtube.com/embed/zaWAJN8aKOw?enablejsapi=1&
Serial 1, Powered by Harley-Davidson, is using Intelligent Product Essentials to manage and update its next generation eBicycles, and personalize its customers’ digital ownership experiences.
“At Serial 1, we are dedicated to creating the easiest and most intuitive way to experience the fun, freedom, and adventure of riding a pedal-assist electric bicycle. Connectivity is a key component of delivering that mission, and working together to integrate Intelligent Product Essentials into our eBicycles will ensure that our customers enjoy the best possible user experience.”— Jason Huntsman, President, Serial 1.
Magic Leap, an augmented reality pioneer with industry-leading hardware and software, is building field service solutions with Intelligent Products Essentials with the goal of connecting manufacturers, dealers, and customers to more proactive and intelligent service.
“We look forward to using Intelligent Products Essentials to enable us to rapidly integrate manufacturers’ product data with dealer service partners into our field service solution. We’re excited to partner with Google Cloud as we continue to push the boundaries of physical interaction with the digital world.” — Walter Delph, Chief Business Officer, Magic Leap
Intelligent Product Essentials is available today. To learn more, visit our website.
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An Indian Example of How to Really Up Your Customer Experience Game and Increase Conversion Rates With AI
How about selfie analysis of users to recommend them the right lipstick color?
That’s just one of the many ideas folks at Purplle.com came up with to improve the buying experience of Indian consumers.
And without the power of Google Cloud, it would probably have remained just that…an idea.
But today, thanks to Google Cloud, “Nothing seems impossible,” says Suyash Katyayani, CTO, Purplle.
Purplle.com is an online e-commerce company in India and one of the pioneers in creating a digitally-native beauty brands in India.
“The beauty industry is so data intensive that we needed to have a strong data strategy and we were looking out for solutions which would enable us to have a strong data pipeline and a strong data warehousing solution,” says Katyayani.
That’s when it turned to Google Cloud.
Additionally, Purplle.com, says Katyayani, does not have to worry about at what scale the company operates at because they have access to state-of-the-art infrastructure from Google Cloud available to them so that their developers can run experiments.
“The biggest plus point for us has been the agility that Google Cloud has added,” says Katyayani.
You Can Quantify and Maximize Value of Your Org’s AI/ML and Analytics Teams!

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Investing in Artificial Intelligence (AI) can bring a competitive advantage to your organization. If you’re in charge of an AI or Data Science team, you’ll want to measure and maximize the value that you’re providing. Here is some advice from our years of experience in the field.
A checklist to embark on a project:
As you embark on projects we’ve found it’s good to have the following areas covered:
- Have a customer. It’s important to have a customer for your work, and that they agree with what you’re trying to achieve. Be sure to know what value you’re delivering to them.
- Have a business case. This will rely on estimates and assumptions, and may take no more than a few minute’s work. You should revise this, but always know what justifies your team’s effort, and what you (and your customer) expect to get in return.
- Know what process you will change or create. You’ll want to put your work in production, so you have to be clear about what business operations are changing or created around your work and who needs to be involved to make it happen
- Have a measurement plan. You’ll want to show that ongoing work is impacting some relevant business indicator. Measure and show incremental value. The goal of these measurements is to establish what has changed because of your project that would otherwise not have changed. Be sure to account for other factors like seasonality or other business changes that may affect your measurements.
- Use all the above to get your organization’s support for your team and your work.
What measures to use?
As you start the work, what measures and indicators can you use to show that your team’s work is useful for your organization?
How many decisions you make. A major function of ML is to automate and optimize decisions: which product to recommend, which route to follow, etc. Use logs to track how many decisions your systems are making.
Changes to revenue or costs. Better and quicker decisions often lead to increased revenue or savings. If possible, measure it directly, otherwise estimate it (for example fuel costs saved from less distance traveled, or increased purchases from personalized offers).
As an example, the Illinois Department of Employment Security is using Contact Center AI to rapidly deploy virtual agents to help more than 1 million citizens file unemployment claims. To measure success the team tracked the two outcomes: (1) the number of web inquiries and voice calls they were able to handle, and (2) the overall cost of the call center after the implementation. Post implementation, they were able to observe more than 140,000 phone and web inquiries per day and over 40,000 after-hours calls per night. They also anticipate an estimated annual cost savings of $100M based on an initial analysis of IDES’s virtual agent data (see more in the link to case study).
Implementation costs. The other side of increased revenue or savings, is to put your achievements in the context of how much they cost. Show the technology costs that your team incurs and, ideally, how you can deliver more value, more efficiently.
How much time was saved. If the team built a routing system then it saved travel time, if it built an email classifier then it saved reading time, etc. Quantify how many hours were given back to the organization thanks to the efficiency of your system.
In the medical field, quicker diagnostics matter. Johns Hopkins University’s Brain Injury Outcomes (BIOS) Division has focused on studying brain hemorrhage aiming to improve medical outcomes. The team identified the time to insights as a key metric in measuring business success. They experimented with a range of cloud computing solutions like Dataflow, Cloud Healthcare API, Compute Engine, and AI Platform for distributed training to accelerate iterations. As a result, in their recent work they were able to accelerate insights from scans from approximately 500 patients from 2,500 hours to 90 minutes.
How many applications your team supports. Some of your organization’s operations don’t use ML (say reconciling financial ledgers) but others do. Know how many parts of your organization benefit from the optimization and automation your team builds.
User experience. You may be able to measure your customer’s experience: fewer complaints, better reviews, reduced latency, more interactions, etc. This is valid both for internal and external stakeholders. At Google we measure usage and regularly ask for feedback on any internal system or process.
One of our customers, The City of Memphis, is using VisionAI and ML to tackle a common but very challenging issue: identifying and addressing potholes. The implementation team identified the percentage increase of potholes identified as one of the key metrics along with accuracy and cost savings. The solution captures video footage from it’s public vehicles and leverages Google Cloud capabilities like Compute Engine, AI Platform, and BigQuery to automate the review of videos. The project increased pothole detection by 75% with over 90% accuracy. By measuring and demonstrating these outcomes, the team proved the viability of a cost-effective, cloud-based machine learning model and is looking into new applications of AI and ML that will further improve city services and help it build a better future for its 652,000 residents.
Acknowledgements
Filipe and Payam would like to thank our colleague and co-author Mona Mona (AI/ML Customer Engineer, Healthcare and lifesciences) who contributed equally to the writing.

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Sure, machine learning is becoming a business imperative, but how does it work in practice?
That’s the subject of a new step-by-step guide to solving business problems with artificial intelligence and ML, based on insights gathered by IDG Research Services.
Its publication comes at a time when technology leaders face growing pressure to embrace these emerging technologies, yet many have questions about how to get started.
It has real-life examples such as a health services company that used ML to reduce support ticket-resolution time from 48 minutes to six.
In another section, a financial services VP explains that cloud-based ML services enable his company to avoid spending money on computing resources that sit idle.
The guide also includes concrete tips for new ML adopters, provided by the CIOs and other IT leaders who participated in IDG’s research. For example, a real-estate CIO recommends the use of third-party tools that rely on AI and ML technologies, while a financial services VP highlights the challenge and potential of incorporating unstructured data into ML initiatives.
Download the guide now!
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