Canada’s Climate Scientists Use Google Earth Engine to Observe Foliage Density in Near-real Time
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Climate scientists face a deluge of environmental data to analyze and interpret from real-time sensors and satellites across the globe. The stakes are as high as our planet’s long-term future, but rapidly changing conditions are already impacting communities through extreme events like floods and wildfires as well as management of everyday resources. In this context, detailed environmental maps are key sources for urgent global issues like food security, water quality, and vegetation levels.
Scientists, researchers, and developers rely on state-of-the-art cloud computing tools like Google Earth Engine (EE) to detect changes, map trends, and quantify differences on the Earth’s surface. EE leverages the compute power of Google Cloud to combine a multi-petabyte catalog of satellite imagery and geospatial datasets with planetary-scale analysis capabilities.
To find out more about how climate scientists address these complex research challenges, I spoke to Dr. Richard Fernandes, Research Scientist at Natural Resources Canada (NRCan). Dr. Fernandes is also a 2022-23 member of the Google Research Innovators Program, which provides technical and professional support to a global cohort of leading researchers. I asked him to describe how cloud computing and machine learning (ML) tools can support climate resilience research and drive awareness about climate sustainability.
Dr. Fernandes, can you give me an overview of your research in climate sciences?
My research focuses on mapping the status and trends of vegetation over Canada. Every month we generate maps of vegetation parameters, such as canopy cover at 20m resolution, to support environmental monitoring and assessment. These maps contribute to global datasets that are used to reduce uncertainty in weather and climate forecasts.
Canada has approximately 10 million square kilometers of land and the annual data volume of these maps is equivalent to streaming HD movies for over 750 hours non-stop. And that’s only the tip of the iceberg: the volume of input data we need to generate those maps is typically 100 times more. Unlike movie streaming services, we have to independently process each input pixel to locate it accurately, screen for clouds (and even the shadows of clouds), and then transform it into a vegetation parameter value like canopy cover using ML algorithms.
The volume of high-resolution data and the amount of compute we need are challenging and ever-increasing. Rather than dedicating servers 24/7 for constant monitoring, we rely on cloud computing and ML. Cloud computing allows us to manage all this data in a useful and accessible way. We have also been able to successfully use the Google Artificial Intelligence (AI) Platform to calibrate new ML models for third-party datasets.
How did you start working with Google Cloud?
I started using EE together with open source APIs for integration with Google Drive about four years ago. With the pandemic my research group has transitioned to using EE, Google Cloud, and Google Drive for both our Canada-wide mapping as well as for R&D activities. In January we developed and released the LEAF toolbox, which builds on EE satellite data to create customizable maps of foliage density in near real-time. We do all of the pixel processing in EE and leverage the ability to integrate our own functions using their APIs. We combine EE with Google Cloud to handle and manage output datasets. Fortunately, EE has most of the input data already at hand so we don’t need to deal with that 100x larger volume.
What impact do you expect LEAF will have now–and down the road?
Both the Canadian federal government and provinces already use our data products as inputs to permafrost, crop status, and water resource models. Agriculture Canada had been using a conventional Geographic Information System (GIS) and approached us to ask how we manage our data. They want to use LEAF to assess how crops are progressing, which impacts local economies and the global food supply. We’re in a pilot with them to apply EE to their crop condition assessments.
Also exciting is that the Province of Alberta is integrating the LEAF toolbox within a system for monitoring the reclamation status of oil and gas wells and mines. They want to know how to rehabilitate sites that were developed for mineral and gas deposits. This is another great use case but many others are possible. The technology itself is cool, but that’s not even the point. ML algorithms are constantly evolving and improving. New ML algorithms use active learning that detects mistakes and makes updates on the fly. The technology will be different in five years — or five months! — so our priority is making these tools accessible and useful now.
Why is state-of-the-art technology for climate research so important?
Scientific research must be validated, transparent, and rigorous to drive the best solutions to our complex and changing ecosystem. Climate action needs greater public awareness, which requires more knowledge, which demands the best data. By democratizing information and decision-making, we can create an ecosystem of openness and public-private partnerships. We can lower the barrier to entry for advanced research and help scientists validate and reproduce their results. Also, scientists don’t want to have to become software engineers for these custom highly specific solutions. They want user-friendly tools that let them focus on their analyses and share their insights with the world. That’s one of the major appeals of the Google Research Innovators Program for me: I want to share LEAF with colleagues and collaborate with other researchers who are using new tools in new ways.
Do you have any parting words about your mission?
We’re so fortunate to have Canadian taxpayers and the Government of Canada funding our work. We have worked with many scientists over the past two decades to develop and validate the algorithms we use, especially Fred Baret and Marie Weiss at INRA France, who have championed the idea of free and open access to algorithms and knowledge, and data.
I really believe in democratic access to information. I like the fact that the terms of service of Google products allows us to offer not only maps but the actual processing system in a free and open manner to everyone. I also like that EE provides a simple-to-use user interface that works on mobile devices. We designed LEAF not just for experts, but for individuals. My mom was able to make maps of a nearby park in real time on her tablet. It is my hope that expanding access to critical environmental information will increase our collective awareness of how our actions impact both near and far places — and make us active in the cause of a sustainable future.
That’s an inspiring note to end on. Thank you for your time!
Thanks for having me!
Click here to learn more about Google’s commitment to renewable energy. Or try the LEAF toolbox for yourself!
APAC’s Retail Digital Pulse by Google Cloud and IDC Retail Index
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In the post COVID-19 pandemic world, some retail businesses have aced digital transformation while others are still lagging behind. The Google Cloud commissioned IDC Retail Insights analyzed over 1, 108 retailers across seven nations in the Asia Pacific region and across eight different segments (online, drugstores, speciality shops, convenience stores, department stores, restaurants, supermarkets and hypermarkets/big box stores) to develop Google Cloud Retail Digital Index. The digital maturity was reviewed in five dimensions that define the digital pulse like strategy, people, data, technology and process.
Apart from empowering retail brands to live up to customer expectations, technology is the backbone to back-office operations and still ranks low in the digital pulse. Download the Google-ODC InfoBrief to catch up on the latest, detailed insights on Asia Pacific’s Retail Digital Index along with essential guidance on driving digital transformation, use cases and more!
FNM Group Migrates SAP HANA to Google Cloud: Tips for CIOs
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About FNM Group
FNM Group is the main private, integrated group in transportation and mobility in the North of Italy.
About Innext
Innext, one of Italy’s select Google Cloud Premier Partners, helps companies turn objectives into tangible actions, and change into a competitive advantage.
Google Cloud Results
- Builds an effective, scalable, adaptable enterprise platform with SAP HANA and SAP S/4HANA on Google Cloud Platform
- Reduces costs by only paying for resources it uses with flexible pricing from Google
- Mobilizes its workers with G Suite and SAP HANA and SAP S/4HANA on the cloud
Founded in 1877, the FNM Group is Italy’s second largest railway company, operating in the Lombardy region. With 700,000 passengers a day, the core business remains with railway operations, but in recent years the FNM Group has redefined itself as a mobility service provider rather than just a public transport operator, with transport solutions like car-sharing platforms in parts of the country disconnected from the main railway lines. As part of this evolution, in 2016, FNM Group initiated a new strategy to overhaul its technology and build a platform that could support its ambitious, new direction.
“We needed an IT system that could rapidly adapt to the new market requirements we are planning to address,” says Augusto de Castro, Director of Human Resources, Organization, and IT at FNM Group. “To achieve this goal, we decided to modernize our information system and move to a cloud-based infrastructure, so we started testing various solutions. For us, the best came from Google.”
Collaborative office productivity
Since 2005, the FNM Group had used SAP Business Suite for its platform, using on-premises servers to manage its technology and database solutions. By 2016, when the group expanded its horizons, the on-premises infrastructure was showing its age and limitations. In addition, FNM Group office productivity tools limited workers’ mobility and flexibility. The company decided that a cloud-based solution was the most economical and effective infrastructure for its new innovation-focused strategy, but also wanted to continue the high-quality service it received from SAP.
In April 2017, FNM Group teamed up with Innext, a leading Italian consultancy and Google Cloud Premier Partner, to help transition to the cloud. After taking the time to assess specific needs at FNM Group, Innext supported the company’s decision to start the project with a migration to G Suite, replacing the existing email and office productivity platform. With help from Innext, FNM Group provided its workers with new tools such as Gmail, cloud-based storage on Google Drive, and fast, effective collaboration with Google Hangouts. As well as technical help, Innext brought a whole change management program designed to help FMN workers take full advantage of the new platform. “One of our top goals in any project is the adoption of the G Suite platform,” says Andrea Servili, Co-founder and Partner at Innext.
Cloud-based enterprise solutions with SAP HANA and SAP S/4HANA
While defining the G Suite migration, Innext and FNM Group began looking for an infrastructure solution. The timing was perfect. Earlier in the year, Google announced that SAP HANA and SAP S/4HANA, the latest software from SAP, would be able to run on Google Cloud Platform (GCP). Running on Google Compute Engine instances, Google Cloud Storage for backups, and Google Virtual Private Cloud as a networking solution, FNM Group can continue to use the enterprise platform of its choice along with all the advantages of Google cloud technology. By July, 2018, FNM Group plans to have fully migrated to SAP HANA and SAP S/4HANA on GCP and have its 1,200 employees using G Suite.
“SAP HANA and SAP S/4HANA on Google Cloud Platform and G Suite will make our employees much more mobile,” says Augusto. “They can access the system through a web browser if they have to, so they’re not tied to a local physical interface.”
Building a platform to last
With Innext and SAP HANA and SAP S/4HANA on GCP, FNM Group is building an enterprise infrastructure that can handle the demands of its traditional public transport operations and adapt to the company’s more innovative activities, such as car-sharing or energy management. By the time the migration is complete in 2018, FNM Group will save on infrastructure costs by only paying for the resources it uses with flexible pricing from Google. G Suite lets the company’s workers stay mobile and effective, and with Google Compute Engine, FNM Group can easily scale its infrastructure up or down to meet whatever challenges it faces in the future. Meanwhile, Google Cloud Storage helps ensure that FNM Group will have a highly secure, reliable backup solution. Once the migration is complete, FNM Group can start exploring other ways in which Google can help its business, especially with data analytic products like Google BigQuery or Google Cloud AI machine learning tools. Whatever the challenge, FNM Group knows that it can rely on Innext and Google to provide the right solution.
“Our main priority is to shut down our on-premises infrastructure and take advantage of the benefits of the cloud,” says Augusto. “Google Cloud Platform and SAP HANA and SAP S/4HANA will help us reduce our maintenance costs and improve our flexibility. I think we will spend less time continually upgrading our infrastructure and more time improving our productivity.”
Google’s New Climate Innovation Challenge to Fight Energy Crisis and Build Climate Resilience
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At Google, we believe that when it comes to solving a problem as big and urgent as climate change, we get more done when we collaborate. From beekeepers in Germany to urban foresters in Los Angeles, we support the work of nonprofits, scientists, and organizations that are working to mitigate the impact of climate change globally, and increase communities’ resilience to its effects.
To this end, we are proud to launch the Climate Innovation Challenge, which will provide Google Cloud research credits to advance a better understanding of climate resilience and promising solutions to address urgent climate challenges. I’m excited about this launch. We need to get smarter about the inevitable impact of our changing climate and how it will reshape our lives, supply chains, and business. Sustainability is a business-critical agenda, and we need intelligent technologies, leadership, and collaboration to drive industry transformations and reach a net-zero world.
The innovation and scale required to solve the toughest climate challenges will come from technology. At Google Cloud, we’re working across industries to increase climate resilience, applying cloud technology to help solve key challenges in the fight against climate change. Nonprofits, scientists, and organizations will be key in developing new research and innovations that will help us better understand how we can accelerate action on climate.
Through the new program, individual climate researchers in higher education and not-for-profit research organizations can apply for Google Cloud credit grants of up to $100,000 to accelerate their projects with Google’s state-of-the-art, data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) cloud services, from Google Earth Engine (EE) to Google Public Datasets like the one from the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). We will work with specialist partners in environmental organizations, agriculture, and carbon reduction to help evaluate proposals and select participants. Our first partner is the National Science Foundation (NSF) AI Institute for Research on Trustworthy AI in Weather, Climate, and Coastal Oceanography (AI2ES). Alongside the cloud credits, we will also provide researchers with access to technical training and mentoring, to help jumpstart their work.
From idea to insight to impact
In 2021, researchers at 500 universities in 47 countries received Google Cloud research credit grants. Others received funding through the Google Cloud Research Innovators Program, which promotes collaboration among a global cohort of scientists and provides them with professional opportunities and technical expertise. Here are some of the Research Innovators who have already advanced their climate research with Google Cloud:
- At CalTech Tapio Schneider and his team built Climate Machine, a next-generation open-source Earth System Model that will integrate more earth and atmospheric data than ever before.
- At UCLA, Bo Zhou uses EE for remote sensor modeling to help bureaus of land management make conservation decisions.
- At the University of New England, James Brinkhoff conducts spatial and temporal analysis for agriculture crop modeling and water use with data from EE.
- At Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Richard Fernandes is developing the LEAF toolbox to map and assess vegetation with satellite data from EE.
- At the University of Toronto, Yuhong He uses EE to map changes occurring in natural and managed ecosystems systems using remote sensing, machine learning, and ecosystem modelings.
- At UCLA, Henry Houskeeper uses machine learning with EE’s satellite imagery to automate detection of kelp forests.
- At the University of Hawaii at Manoa, Jonghyun Lee conducts numerical modeling for water resources with Google Colab.
- At Technical University in Dublin, Santos Fernández Noguerol runs functions to collect weather data from governmental agencies, then automatically stores them in Google Cloud Storage buckets for future spatial analysis.
- At the University of Colorado at Denver, Farnoush Banaei-Kashani conducts data science projects with applications for Intelligent Transportation and Earth Sciences.
To apply for a Climate Innovation Challenge grant, click here and include “Climate Innovation Challenge” as the first line of your proposal. We will announce additional focus areas, partnerships, and recipients throughout the year. Click here to learn more about Google Cloud sustainability.
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Greenovation: Adani and Google Cloud Join Forces for a Sustainable and Data-Driven India
As the biggest renewable energy developer, Adani aims to put India on the green map. Working with the world’s cleanest cloud inspired the organisation to solve their own efficiency issues, and better manage their facilities across the country to lower their carbon footprint.
- For more on Adani, visit: https://www.adani.com/
- For more on Google Cloud Customer Stories, visit: https://cloud.google.com/customers
- For more on how our customers across the region are solving with Google Cloud, visit: APAC YouTube Channel: @GoogleCloudAPAC
- Follow Google Cloud India on Facebook for more updates: https://www.facebook.com/GoogleCloudIN
Google Announces New Cloud Region in Toronto
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For over a decade, we’ve been investing in Canada to become a go-to cloud partner for organizations across the country. Whether they’re in financial services, media and entertainment, retail, telecommunications or the public sector, a rapidly growing number of organizations located or operating in Canada are choosing Google Cloud to help them build applications better and faster, store data, and deliver awesome experiences to their users, all on the cleanest cloud in the industry. To support this growing customer base, we’re excited to announce that the new Google Cloud region in Toronto is now open.
As you’d expect, we’re thrilled about this news, but we aren’t the only ones that have been looking forward to this launch. We asked some of our customers operating in Canada for their take on the upcoming cloud region. Here’s what they had to say:
“Our alliance with Google is truly distinctive in the Canadian market as we are working together to co-innovate and create new services for key industries, including communications technology, healthcare, agriculture, security, and the connected home. The new cloud region in Toronto marks another key milestone that will propel TELUS’ digital leadership by further leveraging the scalability, reliability and cost effectiveness of Google Cloud to support improved customer experience and build stronger, healthier and more sustainable communities.”—Hesham Fahmy, Chief Development Officer, TELUS
“We’re simplifying, modernizing and digitizing Scotiabank to enhance the customer experience for our 25 million customers across the globe. By leveraging powerful cloud-based services including Google Cloud, we’re able to put the most advanced software engineering, data analytics and machine learning tools in the hands of our talented employees. We welcome Google Cloud’s investment in Toronto and look forward to the opportunities the Toronto Cloud Region will present to our Technology team.”
—Michael Zerbs, Group Head Technology & Operations, Scotiabank
“Cloud technologies—and the access to scalable compute, rich geospatial datasets and smart analytics tools—will be critical contributors to support climate action and sustainable policy decisions. At Natural Resources Canada, scientists and researchers are applying innovative digital solutions to support Canada’s natural resource sector. The new Google Cloud region in Toronto will provide our scientists, technologists and researchers with the products and services necessary to turn Earth data into actionable insights.”
—Vik Pant, PhD, Chief Scientist and Chief Science Advisor, Natural Resources Canada
“At Accenture, we bring together technology and human ingenuity to create and respond to change. We’re thrilled to join forces with Google Cloud and their newest region in Toronto with an important mutual goal: to accelerate cloud innovation in Canada. Our clients already know us for our deep industry intelligence, cloud-first expertise and market-renowned delivery. We’re now combining that with Google’s human-centric design to bring even more opportunities to our clients across all industries.”
—Jeffrey Russell, President of Accenture in Canada.
“We are thrilled to see Google’s commitment to Canada. We look forward to helping our joint customers transform their operations, leveraging Google Cloud’s latest data center in Toronto. At Deloitte, we believe cloud is THE opportunity to reimagine everything.”
—Terry Stuart, Deloitte Chief Digital Officer, Canada.
“As Canadian organizations increasingly leverage cloud to transform their businesses, we are excited about the new opportunities that the Toronto Google Cloud region brings to the market. We look forward to continuing our strong partnership with Google Cloud to bring customized and innovative solutions that help Canadian companies fully realize the value of cloud technology, so that they can compete and win on the global stage.”
—Andrew Caprara, Chief Operating Officer, Softchoice
Toronto joins 27 existing Google Cloud regions connected via our high-performance network, helping customers better serve their users and customers throughout the globe. In combination with our Montreal region, customers now benefit from improved business continuity planning with distributed, secure infrastructure needed to meet IT and business requirements for disaster recovery, while maintaining data sovereignty.
The new region launches with three zones, allowing organizations of all sizes and industries to distribute apps and storage to protect against service disruptions, and with our core portfolio of Google Cloud Platform products, including Compute Engine, App Engine, Google Kubernetes Engine, Bigtable, Spanner, and BigQuery.
We’re working to bring you new cloud products and capabilities in Canada, and our goal is to allow you to access those services quickly and easily—wherever you might be in the country. The past year has proved how important easy access to digital infrastructure, technical education, training and support are to helping businesses respond to the pandemic. We’re particularly proud of the teams who faced the unique challenges of building a cloud region during this time to help our customers and community accelerate their digital transformation.
To support all of our users, customers and government organizations in Canada, we’ll continue to invest in new infrastructure, engineering support and solutions. We’re currently hosting our first ever Google Cloud Accelerator Canada to bring the best of Google’s programs, products, people and technology to startups doing interesting work in the cloud. We’ve recently received Protected B accreditation with Canadian Centre for Cyber Security, which is crucial for healthcare, education, and regulated industries adopting cloud services. We’re also pleased to announce the preview of Assured Workloads for Canada—a capability which allows you to secure and configure sensitive workloads in accordance with your specific regulatory or policy requirements.
For help migrating to Google Cloud, please contact our local partners. For additional details on Google Cloud regions, please visit our locations page, where you’ll find updates on the availability of additional services and regions. You can always contact us to help you get started or access our many educational resources. We’re excited to see what you build next with Google Cloud.
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