Did you know API traffic for Apigee customers increased 46% year-over-year, to 2.21 trillion calls, between 2019 and 2020? If you have more questions on APIs trends and their role in disrupting enterprises digitally, you can catch up on key take aways from the Google Cloud’s State of API Economy 2021 report and insights from Google’s experts on API-best practices.

Environmental sustainability is a key priority for TELUS, a world-leading communications technology company. It continues to rank in the top 100 most sustainably managed companies in the world, and seeks to make a healthier planet for all by leveraging its global-leading technology, compassion to drive social change and reduce our collective carbon footprint through innovative technologies and sustainable business practices.

TELUS surpassed its sustainability objectives in 2019 and is now on a journey to procure all of its electricity from renewable or low-emitting sources by 2025. Next, it aims to achieve net carbon neutrality for its operations by 2030. TELUS has also been named to the Dow Jones Sustainability Index for 21 consecutive years, a feat unmatched by any other North American telecom or cable company. In 2021, it became the first company in Canada to release a Sustainability-linked bond (SLB) framework and complete an SLB offering, formally linking TELUS financing to its environmental performance.

“We’ve spent the last decade becoming a global leader in sustainability, helping make the planet healthier by ensuring that our operations are as environmentally responsible as possible,” said Geoff Pegg, Head of Sustainability and Environment at TELUS.

In part, TELUS’ strategy is focused on three key areas:

1. Seek the best renewable energy options available
2. Focus on migrating workloads to the cloud
3. Embrace a multiplier effect through the use of sustainable partners

Renewable energy impact

Part of this environmental responsibility involves investing heavily in renewable energy sources through power purchase agreements (PPAs) that help renewable energy providers like wind farms and solar companies develop their infrastructure. TELUS executed PPAs with four Alberta-based solar and wind facilities to provide 100 per cent of its electricity load demand in a province where one-third of the grid is powered by coal.

As a technology company, electricity represents a large portion of TELUS’ energy needs: 80 percent of the operational carbon footprint comes from the power requirements for TELUS’ network and administrative buildings, Pegg explains. While TELUS is using renewable energy sources and low-emitting energy grids to power its buildings and network, there’s also the often-forgotten part of the carbon emissions equation: the energy it takes to power data centers. As the International Energy Agency recently reported, data centers represent 1 percent of the global electricity demand and that figure is expected to keep rising as the world increases usage of data-heavy technologies.

“It’s probably no surprise that everyone, whether you’re a business or a consumer, is concerned about reducing carbon emissions,” said Chris Talbott, the Google Cloud Sustainability Lead. “A lot of us think about the carbon emissions associated with our cars or with the electricity that powers our homes, but oftentimes we forget about the carbon emissions that come from the digital services that we use or the networks required to deliver that data.”

As a leader in sustainability, how can TELUS meet the energy demands of its customers while also protecting the environment? One way is through the company’s previously announced collaboration with Google Cloud. The two companies are working together to build a more sustainable world through technology and reduce TELUS’ carbon footprint, create value along the entire supply chain, and optimize industry solutions for social impact through data analytics and machine learning.

Taking a cloud first approach — reducing carbon emissions with green cloud computing

Google became carbon neutral in 2007 and has achieved 100 per cent renewable energy matching every year since 2017. Google has invested in renewable energy to match the electricity we use across our entire operations, including Google Cloud, meaning every workload that TELUS runs on Google Cloud has been matched with renewable energy purchases.

“The operational carbon footprint of running anything on Google Cloud is zero,” Talbott said. Also, by working with Google, TELUS gets the benefit of economies of scale using less electricity. Not only is TELUS leveraging Google data centers, it’s also relying on the digital collaboration made possible by Google Workspace to reduce the amount of travel required by employees attending meetings in different offices. Collaboration tools like Google Meet can reduce the carbon footprint of in-person conferences by 94 percent.

Google compensates for the environmental footprint of any electricity used in the data center and out to the edge network. “You can feel pretty good about using Google Meet because it’s carbon-neutral,” Talbott said.

Multiplier through sustainable partnerships — green cloud computing radiates out

By supporting TELUS in its environmental sustainability efforts, Google Cloud is also enabling TELUS to do the same for its various partnerships. For example, powered by Google Cloud’s infrastructure and data analytics capabilities, TELUS is partnering with Picacity (formerly NXN Digital) and Google Cloud to deliver an ecosystem of integrated smart technologies that enable cities to improve the lives of their residents.

From dynamic traffic signaling that reduces congestion and emissions, to data analytics that create smarter, more efficient city planning, the partnership is transforming the way municipalities operate in our increasingly digital world.The partnership is built on four foundational pillars of infrastructure and environmental sustainability, intelligent transportation, public safety and security, and health. In the case of intelligent transportation, this means sensors, cameras, and other devices are built into or near roads, sidewalks, and bike paths to provide data for innovative software to improve traffic flow in real time. The data can then foster informed decisions about infrastructure, city planning, fleet optimization, and public safety.

All of these environmental measures may seem small when compared with the enormity of the problem that is climate change, but as Talbott said, “Change begins with the small decisions we make every day such as paying attention to the practices of companies that we’ve come to rely on daily in the modern world. They may seem small and in the margins, but at scale, this is how we can make a real impact.”

As Google’s productivity adviser, I’ve been closely following the evolving discussion around the future of work. Long before the pandemic, employees, business leaders, and analysts were already thinking about how work needed to evolve, but the crisis brought the future cascading  into the present. Virtually overnight, millions of companies and workers went remote and stayed that way for over a year, pushing their collaboration and productivity tools to the test across living rooms and time zones. While some organizations were able to launch new solutions or adapt existing ones to keep their people connected and productive, many struggled. 

The organizations that struggled quickly discovered their tools weren’t complete, scalable, secure, or built for the cloud era. Meanwhile, across all industries and business types, employees reported spikes in burnout, feelings of disconnection, and frustration with finding the latest information or using unfamiliar tools.

With many businesses headed into a hybrid model, the world of work has been transformed, possibly forever. There’s a fresh and fast-moving conversation about how organizations can succeed within the evolving future of work. 

But at the center of that discussion are two familiar topics: collaboration and productivity. How will they evolve in an era of distributed teams and surging employee demand for  flexibility? And how will businesses meet expectations to innovate quickly and deliver on rising customer expectations while navigating the new future of work? 

Although 2020 was a major inflection point, a closer look reveals that many of the technologies, trends, and cultural norms shaping the future of work have been around for some time. For years, forward-thinking organizations have been wrestling with how to maximize collaboration, productivity, and wellbeing among their employees, and they’ve been developing the tools to make it happen at scale. By that measure, the future of work has been here for some time; it just hasn’t been evenly distributed or easily visible.

With this context in mind, we’re sharing our new guide Create what’s next: The future of collaboration and productivity, which highlights three areas of focus for organizations wanting to catch up with those leading the charge to empower the future of work.

1. Making work-from-anywhere a reality with flexible solutions
2. Giving people helpful tools to maximize their impact
3. Enabling knowledge sharing and human connection

Armed with these three strategies, businesses can improve productivity and encourage innovation while better meeting the needs of their customers and their employees—now and in the years ahead.

We share some highlights from the guide in the infographic below (click to enlarge). You can also download the full guide now.

Open beta now available to all Google Workspace customers

Seeing is believing. For many service technicians, trainers, and other frontline workers, the ability to share a real-time view of what they can see with their virtual clients or teams can make all the difference. That’s what we’ve heard from global participants in the closed beta of Google Meet running on Glass Enterprise Edition 2 that we announced last year. 

Starting today, we’re making Google Meet on Glass Enterprise Edition 2 (Meet on Glass) more broadly available through an open beta. Any Google Workspace customer around the world can now give their employees, suppliers, and partners greater sight with Glass—using the simple and intuitive Google Meet environment they’re already used to. With Meet on Glass, meeting participants can experience a first-person view of the Glass wearer’s perspective and collaborate with the entire video meeting in real time. 

Making it easier to solve hard problems

Customers who’ve been testing Meet on Glass are linking their teams across geographies to collaborate in new ways and solve problems together. In the US, real estate services group CBRE has implemented Meet on Glass to allow employees at job sites to connect with HQ teams and project managers. Connecting the whole team with live video from the frontline is allowing faster decision making and clearer communications between team members. 

To be successful, remote assistance via video call must be simple and seamless. CBRE and other early customers have shared that they don’t want their workers to have to become technical experts to use video collaboration in this way. Ease of use—both for Google Meet and for Glass—and speed to join a video meeting are top priorities for them. And with Google Workspace integration, their teams can now join Calendar events directly from Glass with just a few taps. No complex signing in or scanning codes are required; users simply choose from their calendar on Glass to instantly join the meeting.

Getting Google Meet on Glass Enterprise Edition 2 

The Meet team is working with the community of Google Workspace partners to enable Google Meet on Glass Enterprise Edition 2 for customers in North America, Europe, and Australia. Customers in Japan can now also get Glass through a first-of-its-kind partnership with NTT DOCOMO, which can provide Meet on Glass directly to its customers in Japan. After extensive testing, NTT DOCOMO chose Google Meet on Glass as the preferred solution for their business customers who want frontline collaboration solutions for their enterprises.

Meet on Glass is one of the ways we’re bringing powerful new video conferencing experiences to customers around the world, regardless of the devices they’re using to connect and collaborate with their teams. When combined with our Google meet hardware and peripherals, the possibilities for real-time connection and problem solving are even greater. And it’s part of our ongoing commitment to creating innovative and immersive meeting experiences that help people feel like they’re working together, not just meeting together.

Sign up now to participate in the Google Meet on Glass Enterprise Edition 2 open beta.

Since its initial release in 1995, MySQL has not only been the de-facto database for many data storage needs, but has gathered much attention over the years as one of the most well-recognized databases around when it comes to Relational Database Management Systems and transactional data processing.

Any application in retail, e-commerce, or banking has likely had its fair share of business depending on a relational database for its transactional needs. Many of these applications are built on MySQL due to its flexibility, open source nature, and strong community support.

Whether in the context of a migration from a relational database (like MySQL or PostgreSQL) , migration from a NoSQL database (like Cassandra), or a green grass workload, many companies turn to Cloud Spanner seeking a high availability SLA (99.99% for regional instances and 99.999% for multi region instances),  unlimited scale,  and low operational overhead – no patching required, no maintenance or other planned downtimes, just to name a few benefits.

The tooling and open source ecosystem around Spanner has evolved and grown ever since the service was introduced. HarbourBridge is a part of this ecosystem, and it’s meant to help customers port their existing MySQL or PostgreSQL schema to a Cloud Spanner schema. 

Application Migration Tips

Despite helpful tools like HarbourBridge, database migrations are never trivial. Here are a few things to pay attention to when migrating from MySQL to Spanner, and how to update your application logic to address them.

Note – The following snippets use the PHP client for Cloud Spanner. A couple of the snippets reference a partial Magento port that our friends over at Searce have been working on. Once you understand the operations, you should be able to implement the same in any of the other languages that Cloud Spanner supports.

Cloud spanner enforces strict data types  

In a MySQL query, the value of an attribute can be referenced as either a string or an integer. Example:

• select * from catalog_eav_attribute where attribute_id = 46;
• select * from catalog_eav_attribute where attribute_id = “46”;

Both are valid and equivalent. 

In Cloud Spanner, the query will return an error if you try to reference an integer type by using a string representation.

Here is an example of a working query from Cloud Spanner:

• select * from catalog_eav_attribute where attribute_id = 46; — this will work
• Select * from catalog_eav_attribute where attribute_id = “46” — will fail, since we are supplying a string with “46” 

You may use a function like the following to assist you with such transformations.

  /**
    * Formats the SQL for Cloud Spanner
    * Example
    * Input SQL : <select statement> WHERE 
    *    (`product_id` = '340') ORDER BY position  ASC
    * Output SQL : <select statement> WHERE 
    *    (`product_id` = 340) ORDER BY position  ASC
    * In the above example integer 
    *`340` is sanitized by removing single quotes.
    * Sanitization is required since Cloud Spanner
    * has strict typing
    * @param string $sql
    * @return string $sql
    */
   public function sanitizeSql(string $sql)
   {
       if (preg_match_all("/('[^']*')/", $sql, $m)) {
           $matches = array_shift($m);
           for($i = 0; $i < count($matches); $i++) {
               $curr =  $matches[$i];
               $curr = filter_var($curr, 
                   FILTER_SANITIZE_NUMBER_INT);
               if (is_numeric($curr)) {
                   $sql = str_replace($matches[$i], 
                       $curr, $sql);
               }
           }
       }
       return $sql;
   }

Using sequences in primary keys is not a Spanner best practice

Cloud Spanner does not implement a sequence generator,  and it is not a Spanner best practice to use sequential IDs because doing so can cause hotspotting.

An alternative mechanism of generating a unique primary key is to use a UUID or any other similar mechanisms that result in non-sequential values. For more information, please refer to this article.

In order to convert all existing primary keys to a UUID pattern, you can change the schema using the snippet here

You may use this code snippet to modify the application code to generate the UUID for the auto increment. There are other ways to do this as well, such as using PHP built-in uniqid function.

  /**
    * Generate UUID.
    * @return string
    */
   public function getAutoIncrement()
   {
       if (function_exists('com_create_guid') === true) {
           return trim(com_create_guid(), '{}');
       }
       return sprintf('%04X%04X-%04X-%04X-%04X-%04X%04X%04X',
           mt_rand(0, 65535), mt_rand(0, 65535),
           mt_rand(0, 65535), mt_rand(16384, 20479), 
           mt_rand(32768, 49151),  mt_rand(0, 65535),
           mt_rand(0, 65535), mt_rand(0, 65535));   
   }

Implicit casting and the need for explicit casting of field data types 

Both MySQL and Cloud Spanner follow the SQL standard, hence much of the query syntax is the same. One notable difference is that the Cloud Spanner field types are implicitly cast to an appropriate data type out of the ones mentioned here. When implicit casting of the field type fails, Spanner returns a read error, so it would be safer to perform the casting to the appropriate type when issuing the SELECT statement.

Modify application code to cast to respective data type before execution of query.

  $con = $this->getSpannerConnection();
 /**
 * Cloud Spanner follows strict type so cast the columns appropriately
*/
$select = $con->addCast($select, "`t_d`.`value`", 'string');
$select = $con->addCast($select, "`t_s`.`value`", 'string');
$select = $con->addCast($select, "IF(t_s.value_id IS NULL, 
    t_d.value, t_s.value)", 'string');
$values = $con->fetchAll($select);

Modify the application code to cast the column to its respective type 

  /**
    * Cast the column with type
    * @param string $sql
    * @param string $col
    * @param string $type
    * @return string
    */
   public function addCast(string $sql,
       string $col, string $type)
   {
      $cast = "cast(".$col." as ".$type.")";
      return str_replace($col, $cast, $sql);
   }

Using interleaved tables to improve read performance

Cloud Spanner’s table interleaving is a great choice for many parent-child relationships where the child table’s primary key includes the parent table’s primary key columns. Interleaving ensures that child rows are collocated with their parent rows, which can significantly improve query performance.

Refer to the statements here for a few samples of creating interleaved tables. To learn more about table interleaving, visit the documentation.

Conclusion

Database migrations are complicated.  Hopefully, using HarbourBridge and the  list of tips in this article can make that task easier.  For additional tips, please take a look at this migration guide and read more about HarbourBridge.