Oden Technologies is using the Internet of Things (IoT) to improve the factories of today. The giant network of “things” (including people) connected to each other via the Internet has the potential to reduce waste, increase efficiency, and improve safety across all walks of life. Oden is leading IoT innovation in manufacturing by combining wireless connectivity, big data, and cloud computing.

The use of data to improve manufacturing is practically as old as manufacturing itself. But the computerization of manufacturing has resulted in broad and rapid changes to the way data is collected and processed, as well as the sheer volume of data available.

Oden’s goal is to help manufacturers tap into this data to quickly identify process trends and even warning signs of machine breakdown. Such visibility can reveal opportunities to improve manufacturing and maintenance processes that reduce waste and increase profit margins.

Oden designs and develops data collection devices that can plug into almost any kind of machine and can wirelessly transmit data with minimal complexity and setup time.

Once devices are installed, the Oden technology platform processes data to give manufacturers cutting-edge analytics that are easy to comprehend. Analysis produced by the platform provides factory engineers with data points such as detailed root-cause analysis down to the second, factory-wide performance in real-time, and trend analysis.

Improving cloud delivery

Oden’s previous cloud platform performed satisfactorily, but the company evaluated alternatives in search of potential reductions in cost and complexity and increases in performance.

When evaluating Google Cloud Platform, Oden discovered it would require fewer virtual machine (VM) instances for equivalent performance, which would cut costs. Furthermore, Oden could gain more sophisticated data analytics and machine learning capabilities compared with its existing cloud provider.

Today, Oden runs its entire platform on Google Cloud Platform including Google Compute Engine, Google Cloud Pub/Sub, Google Cloud Bigtable, Google Stackdriver, and Google Kubernetes Engine.

“In order to serve our customers, we need a cloud platform that can scale reliably while keeping costs low, perform under heavy loads, and consistently deliver sophisticated features such as machine learning,” says Willem Sundblad, CEO and Founder at Oden Technologies. “Google Cloud Platform is way ahead in all of these areas compared to our previous cloud provider.”

Capturing tens of millions of metrics a day

Using Google Cloud Platform, Oden can help an average factory capture and store approximately 10 million metrics on a single manufacturing line every day.

Metrics can include extremely granular detail, such as the amount of electricity going to machines, the amount of raw material consumed, and the volume of material produced. Sensors can also capture and transmit environmental information such as temperature, humidity, and dew point so that manufacturers can identify weather-related and seasonal impacts on production.

The updated Oden Cloud Platform uses Kubernetes Engine—powered by the open source Kubernetes system—to run application program interfaces (APIs) that capture data from Oden’s wireless devices on the factory floor.

Google Cloud Pub/Sub then sends the data in real time to Google Cloud Bigtable, where data is processed using Oden’s proprietary analytics tools. Google Stackdriver supports Google Cloud Platform monitoring, logging, and diagnostics, which help Oden deliver its cloud platform with confidence.

Oden Technologies builds dashboards powered by Kubernetes Engine, which pull analyzed data from Google Cloud Bigtable. The dashboards provide customers with real-time visibility into their manufacturing lines. Oden Factory Cloud dashboards allow customers to delve deeper into their data to fine-tune production processes or discover the root causes of production issues.

With the previous cloud provider, Oden required 80 VM instances to run the dashboards. With Google Cloud Platform that number has been cut to 45, which dramatically reduces costs and complexity.

“We migrated from our previous cloud provider to Google Cloud Platform in just one month,” says Willem. “Further, our storage and data analytics costs have decreased by 30%. Cost savings like these allow us to protect customers from rising expenses, keeping us focused on bringing the best products possible to market.”

Faster data access; more efficient factories

With Google Cloud Platform, Oden can now deliver a complete factory analytics picture to manufacturers. In environments where thousands of variables affect the bottom line, businesses can now automatically and perpetually record machine and performance measurement. Oden Factory Cloud gives customers access to comprehensive data insights and can eliminate reliance on onsite infrastructure investments to run their own analytics.

Because manufacturers have access to live data and can analyze production data quickly, they can troubleshoot and resolve problems in minutes rather than months. Such information helps improve product quality, minimize unplanned downtime, cut costs, and improve profitability.

“With the help of Google Cloud Platform, we are helping our customers to be data-driven, which wasn’t possible before,” adds Willem. “They now understand that data is their most important asset. That allows them to be more innovative and continually improve their production processes.”

Over the past few years, advances in training large language models (LLMs) have moved natural language processing (NLP) from a bleeding-edge technology that few companies could access, to a powerful component of many common applications. From chatbots to content moderation to categorization, a general rule for NLP is that the larger the model, the greater the accuracy it’s able to achieve in understanding and generating language.

But in the quest to create larger and more powerful language models, scale has become a major challenge. Once a model becomes too large to fit on a single device, it requires distributed training strategies, which in turn require extensive compute resources with vast memory capacity and fast interconnects. You also need specialized algorithms to optimize the hardware and time resources.

Cohere engineers are working on solutions to this scaling challenge that have already yielded results. Cohere provides developers a platform for working with powerful LLMs without the infrastructure or deep ML expertise that such projects typically require. In a new technical paper, Scalable Training of Language Models using JAX pjit and TPUv4, engineers at Cohere demonstrate how their new FAX framework deployed on Google Cloud’s recently announced Cloud TPU v4 Pods addresses the challenges of scaling LLMs to hundreds of billions of parameters. Specifically, the report reveals breakthroughs in training efficiency that Cohere was able to achieve through tensor and data parallelism.

This framework aims to accelerate the research, development, and production of large language models with two significant improvements: scalability and rapid prototyping. Cohere will be able to improve its models by training larger ones more quickly, delivering better models to its customers faster. The framework also supports rapid prototyping of models that address specific objectives — for example, creating a generative model that powers customer-service chatbot — by experimenting and testing new ideas. The ability to switch back and forth among model types and optimize for different objectives will ultimately allow Cohere to offer models optimized for particular use cases.

The FAX framework relies heavily on the partitioned just-in-time compilation (pjit) feature of JAX, which abstracts the relationship between device and workload. This allows Cohere engineers to optimize efficiency, and performance by aligning devices and processes in the ideal configuration for the task at hand. Pjit works by compiling an arbitrary function into a single program (an XLA computation), that runs on multiple devices — even those residing on different hosts.

Cohere’s new solution also takes advantage of Google Cloud’s new TPU v4 Pods to perform tensor parallelism. which is more efficient than the earlier pipeline parallelism implementation. As the name suggests, the pipeline parallel approach uses accelerators in a linear fashion to scale a workload, like a single long assembly line. Accelerators must process each micro-batch of data before passing it along to the next one, and then run the backward pass in reverse order.

Tensor parallelism eliminates the accelerator idle time of pipeline parallelism, also known as the pipeline bubble. Tensor parallelism involves partitioning large tensors (mathematical arrays that define the relationship among multiple objects such as the words in a paragraph) across accelerators to perform computations at the same time on multiple devices. If pipeline parallelism is an ever-lengthening assembly line, tensor parallelism is a series of parallel assembly lines — one making the engine, the other the body, etc. — that simultaneously come together to form a complete car in a fraction of the time.

These computations are then collated, a process made practical thanks to Google Cloud TPU v4 VMs, which more than double the computational power. The superior performance of v4 chips has enabled Cohere to iterate on ideas and validate them 1.7X faster in computation than before.

At Cohere, we build cutting-edge natural language processing (NLP) services, including APIs for language generation, classification, and search. These tools are built on top of a set of language models that Cohere trains from scratch on Cloud TPUs using JAX. We saw a 70% improvement in training time for our largest model when moving from Cloud TPU v3 Pods to Cloud TPU v4 Pods, allowing faster iterations for our researchers and higher quality results for our customers. The exceptionally low carbon footprint of Cloud TPU v4 Pods was another key factor for us.

Aidan Gomez
CEO and co-founder, Cohere

Why Google Cloud for LLM training?

As part of a multiyear technology partnership, Cohere leverages Google Cloud’s advanced AI and ML infrastructure to power its platform. Cohere develops and deploys its products on Cloud TPUs, Google Cloud’s custom-designed machine learning chips that are optimized for large-scale ML. Cohere’s recently announced their new model improvements and scalability by training an LLM using FAX on Google Cloud TPUs, and this model has demonstrated that transitioning from TPU v3 to TPU v4 has so far enabled them to achieve a total speedup of 1.7x. In addition to a significant performance boost, TPUs provide an excellent user experience with the new TPU VM architecture. Importantly, Google Cloud ensures that Cohere’s state-of-the-art ML training is achieved with the highest standards of sustainability, powered by 90% carbon-free energy in the world’s largest publicly available ML hub.

By adopting Cloud TPUs, Cohere is making LLM training faster, more economical, and more agile. This helps them provide larger and more accurate LLMs to developers, and put NLP technology in the hands of developers and businesses of all sizes.

To learn more about these LLM training advances, you can read the full paper, Scalable Training of Language Models using JAX pjit and TPUv4. To learn more about Cohere’s best practices and AI principles, you can check this article co-authored with Open AI and AI 21 Labs.

As consumer expectations grow for more personalized, relevant, and assistive experiences, machine learning is becoming an invaluable tool to help meet those demands.

It’s helping marketers create smarter customer segmentations, deliver more relevant creative campaigns, and measure performance more effectively. In fact, 85% of executives believe AI will allow their companies to obtain or sustain a competitive advantage.¹

We created this guide to help you optimize your machine learning marketing efforts — whether you’re just starting out or you want to discover more benefits of machine learning.

Go to the Guide Now!

At Google I/O this year, we introduced Vertex AI to bring together all our ML offerings into a single environment that lets you build and manage the lifecycle of ML projects. In a previous post, we gave you an overview of Vertex AI, sharing how it supports your entire ML workflow—from data management all the way to predictions. Today, we’ll talk a little about how to manage ML datasets with Vertex AI.

Many enterprises want to use data to make meaningful predictions that can bolster their business or help them venture into new markets. This often requires using custom machine learning models—something not every business knows how to create or use. This is where Vertex AI can help. Vertex AI provides tools for every step of the machine learning workflow—from managing data sets to different ways of training the model, evaluating, deploying, and making predictions. It also supports varying levels of ML expertise, so you don’t need to be an ML expert to use Vertex AI.https://www.youtube.com/embed/CN2X6oIlnmI?enablejsapi=1&

Types of data you can use in Vertex AI

Datasets are the first step of the machine learning lifecycle—to get started you need data, and lots of it. Vertex AI currently supports managed datasets for four data types—image, tabular, text, and videos. 

Image

Image datasets let you do:

• Image classification—Identifying items within an image.
• Object detection—Identifying the location of an item in an image
• Image segmentation—Assigning labels to pixel level regions in an image.

To ensure your model performs well in production, use training images similar to what your users will send. For example, if users are likely to send low quality images, be sure to have blurry and low resolution images in your data set. Don’t forget to include different angles, backgrounds, and resolutions. We recommend you include at least 1,000 images per label (item you want to identify), but you can always get started with 10 per label. The more examples you provide, the better your model will be.

Tabular

Tabular datasets enable you to do:

• Regression—Predicting a numerical value.
• Classification—Predicting a category associated with a particular example.
• Forecasting—Predicting the likelihood of sudden events or demands.

Tabular data sets support hundreds of columns and millions of rows. 

Text

With text datasets, you can do:

• Classification—Assigning one or more labels to an entire document.
• Entity extraction—Identifying custom text entities within a document, like “too expensive” or “great value”.
• Sentiment analysis—Identifying the overall sentiment expressed in a block of text, for example, if a customer was happy or upset or frustrated.

Video

Video datasets enable:

• Classification—Labeling entire videos, shots, or frames.
• Action recognition—Identifying clips video clips where specific actions occur.
• Object tracking—Tracking specific objects in a video.

Creating and managing datasets in Vertex AI

Now that we’ve covered the different types of data you can use, let’s shift to creating and managing those datasets. In the Cloud Console, go to Vertex AI dashboard page and click Datasets, then click Create Project.

Say you want to classify items within a set of photos. Create an image dataset and select image classification. You can import files directly from your computer, which will be stored in Cloud Storage. Then, you’ll need to add the corresponding labels (items you want to identify) for your images. If you already have labels, you can use the Import File option to import a CSV with your image URLs and their labels. If your data is not labeled and you would like human help to label it, you can use the Vertex AI data labeling service. Once the files are uploaded, you can create labels and assign them to the images. You can also analyze the images in the data set, the number of images per label, and a few other properties. 

Depending on the type of data you use, your options might vary slightly. For example, if you want to use tabular data, you could upload a CSV file from your computer, use one from Cloud Storage, or select a table from BigQuery directly. Once you select the table, the data is available for analysis.

More to come

This concludes our overview of creating and managing datasets in Vertex AI. In a future installment, we’ll go over the next phase of the machine learning workflow: building and training ML models. 

If you enjoyed this post, keep an eye out for more AI Simplified episodes on YouTube. In the meantime, here’s where you can learn more about Vertex AI.